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AP Psychology > Chapter 7 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodic physiological fluctuations

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

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3
Q

Non-Rem Sleep

A

???

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4
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

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5
Q

Alpha waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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6
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

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7
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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8
Q

Delta waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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9
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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10
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

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11
Q

Sleep apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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12
Q

Night terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified;unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2-3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

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13
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. Notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamers delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

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14
Q

Manifest Content

A

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

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15
Q

Latent Content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream. Functions as a safety valve.

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16
Q

Dream Theories

A 
Freud's Wish-fulfillment  
Information-processing 
Physiological function 
Activation-synthesis
Cognitive theory
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17
Q

Freud’s Wish-fulfillment

A

Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve”- expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings- contain manifest content and a deeper layer of latent content-a hidden meaning

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18
Q

Information-processing

A

Dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories

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19
Q

Physiological function

A

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

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20
Q

Activation-synthesis

A

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

21
Q

Cognitive theory

A

Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development-their knowledge and understanding

22
Q

REM rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

23
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

24
Q

Anton Mesmer

A

Credited for the popularity of hypnosis

25
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

26
Q

Social Influence Theory

A

Hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role

27
Q

Theodore Barber

A

Credited with the Social influence theory

28
Q

Dissociation

Divided-consciousness theory

A

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

29
Q

Ernest Hilgard

A

Credited with the divided consciousness theory, or disassociation

30
Q

Age Regression

A

?

31
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

A chemical substance that affects perceptions and mood

32
Q

Tolerance

A

The diminishing effect with with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect

33
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

34
Q

Physical Dependence

A

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

35
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

36
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug craving and use

37
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

38
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

39
Q

Opiates

A

Opium and it’s derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

40
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

41
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

42
Q

Methamphetamines

A

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

43
Q

Ecstasy(MDMA)

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen, produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

44
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distorts perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

45
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug, known as acid

46
Q

THC

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana, triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

47
Q

Near-death experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death, often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

48
Q

Dualism

A

The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

49
Q

Monism

A

The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

AP Psychology (25 decks)

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