Chapter 11

Question 0

Reification

Answer 0

Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

the ability to learn from experience; solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

Factor analysis

Answer 2

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test that measure common ability (G-Factor: general mental ability)

Question 3

Charles Spearman

Answer 3

First intelligence factor (G-Factor)
Helped develop the factor analysis approach
Believed that if you were intelligent you would posses all the traits

Question 4

General intelligence

Answer 4

Factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 5

L.L. Thurstone

Answer 5

Intelligence comes in different packages: seven areas
Believed factor analysis revealed seven independent mental abilities
(Word Fluency, Verbal Comprehension, Spatial Ability, Perceptual Speed, Numerical Ability, Inductive Reasoning, and Memory)

Question 6

Howard Gardner

Answer 6

Believed intelligence comes in multiple forms; notes that brain damage may diminish one type of ability but not others (people with savant syndrome excel in abilities)

Question 7

Savant Syndrome

Answer 7

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Question 8

Robert Sternberg

Answer 8

Triarchial Theory, three intelligences rather than eight

Analytical Intelligence, Creative Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence

Question 9

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 9

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 10

Creativity

Answer 10

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 11

Intelligence Test

Answer 11

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

Question 12

Alfred Binet

Answer 12

Given credit for devising the first intelligence test

Question 13

Mental Age

Answer 13

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

Question 14

Lewis Terman

Answer 14

Revision of the IQ test, new age norms and extending the upper end of the tests range from teens to adults; Stanford-Binet

Question 15

Stanford-Binet

Answer 15

the widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 16

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 16

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

Question 17

Aptitude Tests

Answer 17

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

Question 18

Achievement Tests

Answer 18

test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 19

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Answer 19

most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests

Question 20

Standardization

Answer 20

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group

Question 21

Flynn Effect

Answer 21

The substantial increase in average scores on intelligence tests all over the world

Question 22

Normal Curve

Answer 22

symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

Question 23

Reliability

Answer 23

the extent to which a test yields consistent result, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting

Question 24

Vaildiity

Answer 24

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 25

Content Vailidity

Answer 25

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

Question 26

Criterion

Answer 26

the behavior that a test is designed to predict; thus the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

Question 27

Predictive Validity

Answer 27

success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Question 28

Mental Retardation

Answer 28

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

Question 29

Down Syndrome

Answer 29

condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

Question 30

Stereotype Threat

Answer 30

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype