Chapter 2 Vocab Part 2

Question 0

Medulla

Answer 0

The base of the brain stem; controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 1

Brainstem

Answer 1

The oldest part and central core of the brain; beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions

Question 2

Reticular formation

Answer 2

A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role on arousal

Question 3

Thalamus

Answer 3

The brains sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Question 4

Hippocampus

Answer 4

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Question 5

Pons

Answer 5

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Question 6

Cerebellum

Answer 6

The little brain attached to the rear of the brainstem it’s functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

Question 7

Limbic System

Answer 7

A doughnut shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. (Hippocampus, amygdaloid, and hypothalamus)

Question 8

Amygdala

Answer 8

Two Lima bean sized neural clusters that are components of the lambic system and are linked to emotion

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via he pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 10

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemisphere, the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

Question 11

Glial cells

Answer 11

Insulate the myelin sheath, part of the brain, cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

Question 12

Frontal lobes

Answer 12

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

Question 13

Occipital lobe

Answer 13

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field

Question 14

Parietal lobes

Answer 14

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

Question 15

Temporal lobes

Answer 15

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear

Question 16

Motor cortex

Answer 16

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

Question 17

Sensory cortex

Answer 17

The area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Question 18

Association Areas

Answer 18

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking

Question 19

Phineus Gage

Answer 19

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Question 20

Aphasia

Answer 20

Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area or to Wernicke’s area

Question 21

Broca’s area

Answer 21

Controls language expression, an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

Question 22

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 22

Controls language reception, a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in the left temporal lobe

Question 23

Plasticity

Answer 23

The brains capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development

Question 24

Corpus Callosum

Answer 24

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Question 25

Split Brain

Answer 25

A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers between them