Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 0

Instinct

Answer 0

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 2

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state(a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Question 4

Incentives

Answer 4

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 5

Optimal Arousal Theory

Answer 5

Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it

Question 6

Abraham Maslow

Answer 6

Theorist who developed Hierarchy of needs

Question 7

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 7

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it’s level is low, we feel hunger

Question 9

Set Point

Answer 9

The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Question 10

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 10

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Question 11

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 11

An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

Question 12

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 12

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 13

Alfred Kinsey

Answer 13

First researcher who studied sexual motivation

Question 14

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 14

The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 15

Refractory Period

Answer 15

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Question 16

Sexual Disorder

Answer 16

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Question 17

Estrogen

Answer 17

A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

Question 18

Testosterone

Answer 18

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Question 19

Sexual Orientation

Answer 19

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex

Question 20

Flow

Answer 20

A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills

Question 21

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Answer 21

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Question 22

Personnel Psychology

Answer 22

A subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

Question 23

Organizational Psychology

Answer 23

A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

Question 24

Structured Interviews

Answer 24

Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applications, each of whom is rated on established scales

Question 25

Achievement Motivation

Answer 25

A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

Question 26

Task leadership

Answer 26

Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

Question 27

Social Leadership

Answer 27

Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support