27 pt 2

Question 1

what must euk cells repsond to

Answer 1

external signals like mitogens
response must go from cell membrane to nucelus
many pathways intersect

Question 2

KF-kB cascade

Answer 2

important in mamallian immune responses

Question 3

NF-kB structure

Answer 3

heterodimer (p50+p65)
help in cytoplasm by I-kb which blocks the nuclear localization sigal on NF-kB so it is unable to enter the nucleus

phosphorulation of I-kB leads to its degradation so KF-kB can enter the nuc

Question 4

what leads to phosphorylation if I-KB

Answer 4

extracelluar signals activate IKK (ikb kinase) which phosphorylates two ser residues

IKB is ubiquitinated and degraded in proteasome

nucelar localization signal on NFKB is exposed and able to enter the nucelaus and activate gene expression

Question 5

hyperactivation of NFKB is responsibel for

Answer 5

cytokine storms in some SARS COV2 infected patients

Question 6

PPAR

Answer 6

implicated in many normal and disease related biologic processes relevant to the heart and vasculature inc lipid and energy metabolism, inflamaation, embryo implantation, diabetes, and cancer

Question 7

mating type regulation in yeast

Answer 7

comnanitorial regulation of gene expression

Question 8

yeast cell type is determined by

Answer 8

combanitorial activity of 4 transcriptional regulators
DNA silencing (histone deacetylation and SIR proteins)
DNA rearrangement (gene conversion)

Question 9

sacromyces serivisiae exists in

Answer 9

3 cell types
a- haploid
alpha- haploid
a/alpha- diploid product of cell fusion/ mating

Question 10

make a hpermone

Answer 10

a cells
phermone detected by receptors on alpha cells

alpha cells also make a phermone that can be detected on a cells

Question 11

what can amte in saccharomyces serivisea

Answer 11

a cant mate with a
alpha cant mate with alpah

Question 12

cell cylce arrest

Answer 12

imp ni mating to enure that both partners have only 1n haploid conent of DNA at a time of nuclear fusion

Question 13

what encodes foe the alpha factor receptor

Answer 13

STE2

Question 14

what encodes for the a factor receptor

Answer 14

STE3

Question 15

yest cell type is controlled by

Answer 15

4 tarscriptional regulators

Question 16

yest cell type is controlled by

Answer 16

4 tarscriptional regulators

a1, alpha 1, alpha 2, and Mcm1

Question 17

What is expressed from the MAT locus

Answer 17

a1, alpha1, and alpha 2

Question 18

where is Mcm 1 expressed

Answer 18

in all haploid cell types

Question 19

yeast cell type regulators binding

Answer 19

in diffreent combinations to determine whether a sepcific, alpha specific, or haploid specific genes are expressed