9-13 contd

Question 1

two types of exons

Answer 1

constituitive
regulated exons

Question 2

alternative splicing examples

Answer 2

SRS tyrosine kinase

non neuronal
PTB binds to ISS on either side of N1 exon preventing joining to mature RNA

neuronal
PTB2 on ISS
FOX1 and FOX2 proteins splice so that that N1 is included

Question 3

types of alternative processing

Answer 3

alternative promoters and alternative polyadenylation

Question 4

altrentaive processing/ splicing exmaple

Answer 4

CT/ CGRP

thyroid cells use exon 4 poly A cite- calcitonin

neuronal splice out exon 4- poly A in exon 6- CGRP

Question 5

what percentage of U12 used

Answer 5

0.5

Question 6

snRNP for U12

Answer 6

U11, U12, U4atac, U6atac, U5

Question 7

What is diff in trans splicing

Answer 7

SL snRNP replaces U1

Question 8

what uses trans splicing

Answer 8

namatode and trypanosomes

Question 9

disesaes due to defects in splicing

Answer 9

lupus erythmatosus
congenital muasthenic syndrome

Question 10

poly A signals

Answer 10

AAUAAA

Question 11

what has threer subunits each being a RNA binding portien

Answer 11

CPSF

Question 12

examples of differnent poly A sites

Answer 12

B lymphocytes
cyclin D1- miRNA, ARE lead to degradation in cancer/ non cancer cells

Question 13

AU rich elements

Answer 13

are in 3’ UTR in some mRNAs contribute to decreased stability by directing removal of tail

Question 14

obligatory constituents

Answer 14

apo B proteins

Question 15

what part of the protein is apoB48

Answer 15

amino terminal half

Question 16

codons for apoB proteins

Answer 16

stop- UAA

glutamine- CAA

Question 17

where is deaminatino of cytidine found

Answer 17

plant mitochondria and chloroplast mRNA

apoB proteins

Neurofibromatosis

Question 18

what deaminates cytidine

Answer 18

APOBEC

Question 19

what is neurofibramatosis and when does it occur

Answer 19

cytidine to uridne deamination

C2914- U2914
CGA- UGA
ARGININE TO STOP CODON

Question 20

occurs in more complex eukaryotes

Answer 20

adenine to inosine deamination

Question 21

what deaminates adenine

Answer 21

ADAR

Question 22

what does ADAR target

Answer 22

double stranded RNA regions

Question 23

mutatios in ADAR

Answer 23

dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria

Question 24

most prevalent internal modification in euk messengesr

Answer 24

m6A
writers and erasers

Question 25

what exhibits cydidine insertion

Answer 25

slime moulds mtRNA

Question 26

what exhibits uridine insertion/ deletion

Answer 26

trypanosomes mtRNA

Question 27

how common are nucleotide insertion/ deletion changes

Answer 27

less common

Question 28

what are trypanosomes related to

Answer 28

chagas disease and africansleeping sickness

Question 29

what gene in trypanosomes undergoes Uridine insertion/deletion

Answer 29

NADH dehydrogenase 7 gene

Question 30

how big are guide RNAs

Answer 30

20-50 nucleotides

Question 31

what facilitates uridine addition

Answer 31

uridylyl transferase

Question 32

what facilitates uridine deletion

Answer 32

3'-5' exonuclease

Question 33

stop codons

Answer 33

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 34

mitochondria difference from universal code

Answer 34

GUG start UGA trp

Question 35

codons that specifcy for the same AA

Answer 35

synonymous codons

Question 36

reading frame number in DNA

Answer 36

6

Question 37

reading frame number in RNA

Answer 37

3

Question 38

what decodes rare codons

Answer 38

rare tRNAs

Question 39

what stop codon does ecoli not use

Answer 39

UAG

Question 40

what has polycistronic genes

Answer 40

bacteria

Question 41

short intercistronic sequneces

Answer 41

leads to translatinoal coupling

Question 42

shine delgarno sequence

Answer 42

in bacteria- ribosome binding site

Question 43

polar effect

Answer 43

mutations in an upstream gene can sometimes affect expression of a downstream gene

Question 44

kozak sequence

Answer 44

sequence around start codon for euk- somewhat conserved