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AP Psychology > Chapter Six > Flashcards

Chapter Six Flashcards

0
Q

Cocktail Party Effect

A

Form of Selective Attention

Ability to attend to only one voice among many

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1
Q

Selective Attention

A

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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2
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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3
Q

Change Blindness

A

Failure to notice changes in surroundings when attention is focused on something else

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4
Q

Change Deafness

A

Failure to notice a change in the speaker or speaking when attention is focused on something else like the words

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5
Q

Choice Blindness

A

Failure to notice that, when you choose something, you are shown something entirely different

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6
Q

Choice Blindness Blindness

A

Saying that you’d totally notice if you were shown what you didn’t choose (but most people don’t)

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7
Q

Pop-Out

A

When a strikingly distinct stimulus catches your attention

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8
Q

Visual Capture

A

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

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9
Q

Gestalt (German for “form” or “whole”)

A

An organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

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10
Q

Illusion

A

A perception, as of visual stimuli (optical illusion), that represents what is perceived in a way different from reality

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11
Q

Figure-Ground

A

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

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12
Q

Grouping

A

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

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13
Q

Proximity

A

Grouping nearby figures together

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14
Q

Similarity

A

Grouping figures that are similar to each other

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15
Q

Continuity

A

Perception of smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones

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16
Q

Connectedness

A

Perceiving uniform and linked figures as a single unit

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17
Q

Closure

A

Filling in gaps to create a complete, whole image

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18
Q

Depth Perception

A

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

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19
Q

Visual Cliff

A

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

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20
Q

Binocular Cues

A

Depth cues, such a retinal disparity and convergence, that depend upon the use of two eyes

21
Q

Retinal Disparity

A

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain compute distance- the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.

22
Q

Convergence

A

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.

23
Q

Monocular Cues

A

Depth cues, such a interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

24
Q

Relative Size

A

Monocular Cue
If we assume that two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away

25
Q

Interposition

A

Monocular Cue

If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer

26
Q

Relative Clarity

A

Monocular Cue

We perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects

27
Q

Texture Gradient

A

Monocular Cue

Objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed

28
Q

Relative Height

A

Monocular Cue

We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away and perceive the lower part as closer

29
Q

Relative Motion (Motion Parallax)

A

Monocular Cue

When moving, the nearer the object is to you, the faster it seems to move

30
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Monocular Cue

Parallel lines appear to converge with distance- the more the lines converge, the greater their perceived distance

31
Q

Light and Shadow

A

Monocular Cue
Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes- dimmer objects therefore seem farther away. Shading produces a sense of depth consistent with assumed light source.

32
Q

Motion Perception of Objects

A

Shrinking objects are perceived to be retreating; enlarging objects appear to be approaching. Large objects seem to move slower than small objects.

33
Q

Stroboscopic Movement

A

Phenomenon where the brain perceives continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images

34
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

35
Q

Perceptual Constancy

A

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape & size) even as illumination and retinal images change

36
Q

Shape Constancy

A

Perceived shape can appear as staying consistent even when angles are changed

37
Q

Size Constancy

A

Perceive objects as having constant size even when distance changes

38
Q

Lightness/Brightness Constancy

A

Objects are perceived as having constant lightness despite illumination variations

39
Q

Relative Luminance

A

Amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings

40
Q

Critical Period

A

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development such a recognizing a face as a whole

41
Q

Perceptual Adaptation

A

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

42
Q

Perceptual Set

A

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

43
Q

Schemes

A

Concepts formed through experience that organize and interpret unfamiliar information

44
Q

Human Factors Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

45
Q

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

A

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. Said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition

46
Q

Telepathy

A

Mind-to-mind communication

47
Q

Clairvoyance

A

Perceiving remote events

48
Q

Precognition

A

Perceiving future events

49
Q

Parapsychology

A

The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis (PK)

50
Q

Psychokinesis

A

“mind over matter”

levitating things and going all Carrie on people’s asses

AP Psychology (18 decks)

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