3/11 language development

Question 1

phonology

Answer 1

sounds

Question 2

semantics

Answer 2

word meanings

Question 3

syntax

Answer 3

rules for sentence structure

Question 4

pragmatics

Answer 4

rules for communication

Question 5

broca’s area

Answer 5

supports grammatical processing and language production

Question 6

wernicke’s area

Answer 6

plays role in comprehending word meaning

Question 7

phonemes

Answer 7

unique sounds that can be joined to create words

Question 8

infant phonemes

Answer 8

born with ability to understand in any language

Question 9

phonemes as babies grow

Answer 9

they will only notice the linguistic distinctions meaningful in their own language

Question 10

cooing age

Answer 10

2 months

Question 11

babbling age

Answer 11

6-9 months

Question 12

baby signs age

Answer 12

6 months

Question 13

joint attention

Answer 13

infants gaze in the same direction as adults

Question 14

joint attention age

Answer 14

3-4 months

Question 15

when do infants start to realize that a person’s gaze signals a connection between viewer and surroindings?

Answer 15

12 months

Question 16

when do baby’s first words appear?

Answer 16

12-18 months

Question 17

language specialization

Answer 17

goes from universal ability to communicate in the languages in the infant’s environment

Question 18

language explosion

Answer 18

after about 50 words, they begin to learn a lot of vocabulary very quickly

Question 19

underextension (language)

Answer 19

applying words too narrowly

Question 20

overextension (language)

Answer 20

incorrect application of small label to larger class

Question 21

expressing meaning (language)

Answer 21

after about 200 words, they start combining words

Question 22

holophase

Answer 22

single word that expresses a thought

Question 23

telegraphic speech

Answer 23

two word sentences that follow proper grammar

Question 24

500-10,000 words age

Answer 24

6 years

Question 25

fast-mapping

Answer 25

connecting new words with existing categories

Question 26

logical-extension

Answer 26

using a new word to describe other objects in the same category

Question 27

objects or verbs learned more easily?

Answer 27

objects are learned more easily than verbs

Question 28

how do infants learn language?

Answer 28

operant conditioning (reinforcement and correction) imitation (vocab input and help from parents' skills)

Question 29

5 month old given cochlear implant

Answer 29

typical infant babbling, resembles peers at 3-4 years

Question 30

hearing not restored by age 2

Answer 30

remain behind in language development

Question 31

hearing not restored by age 4

Answer 31

language delays are severe and persistent

Question 32

when can infants distinguish between languages?

Answer 32

6 months

Question 33

percentage of U.S. population that is bilingual

Answer 33

15-20%

Question 34

code switching

Answer 34

hold both languages in same brain area but keep them separate

Question 35

language-brokering

Answer 35

translating back and forth to allow communication, leads to higher executive functioning