3/15 parenting

Question 1

bronfenbrenner microsystem

Answer 1

people and objects in an individual’s immediate

Question 2

bronfenbrenner mesosystem

Answer 2

collaboration between microsystems

Question 3

bronfenbrenner exosystem

Answer 3

social settings that a child might not experience firsthand but still impact the child

Question 4

bronfenbrenner macrosystem

Answer 4

subcultures and cultures that all the other environmental components are embedded in (attitudes, beliefs, laws)

Question 5

most important environmental component in ecological model?

Answer 5

microsystems

Question 6

chronosystem

Answer 6

changes in the environmental components over time

Question 7

child rearing

Answer 7

combinations of parenting behavior that occur over a wide range of situations, creating an enduring child-rearing climate

processes, strategies, and approaches used to raise a child

Question 8

child rearing acceptance and involvement

Answer 8

expressions of warmth, how attentive a parent is to the child’s individual needs

Question 9

child rearing control/discipline

Answer 9

level of control exterted by the parent and the level of demand placed on child; how much a parent expects from a child

Question 10

child rearing communication

Answer 10

how much the parent communicates about those demands, listens to child

Question 11

child rearing autonomy granting

Answer 11

degree of autonomy granted to the child and listening to child’s desires and preferences and expectations of them, degree of responsibility and self-control is what they expect children to be able to do

Question 12

permissive continuum of child rearing outcomes

Answer 12

lack self-control, impulsive, disobedient, dependent

Question 13

permissive continuum of child rearing axis

Answer 13

low demands/control and high acceptance/involvement

Question 14

uninvolved continuum of child rearing outcomes

Answer 14

emotionally detached, immature, aggressive, low academic achievement

Question 15

uninvolved continuum of child rearing axis

Answer 15

low demands/control and low acceptance/involvement

Question 16

authoritative continuum of child rearing outcomes

Answer 16

good self-control, positive mood, high self-esteem, socially competent, higher grades, responsible

Question 17

authoritative continuum of child rearing axis

Answer 17

high demands/control and high acceptance/involvement

Question 18

authoritarian continuum of child rearing outcomes

Answer 18

obedient, more anxious, withdrawn, low self-esteem

Question 19

authoritatian continuum of child rearing axis

Answer 19

high demands/control and low acceptance/involvement

Question 20

parenting direct instruction

Answer 20

tell children what to do, when to do it, and why

Question 21

parenting coaching

Answer 21

providing children support to follow direct instruction

Question 22

parenting observational learning

Answer 22

children learn through observing (imitation and counterimitation)

Question 23

positive reinforcement

Answer 23

presenting a motivating stimulus after the desired behavior

Question 24

negative reinforcement

Answer 24

removing an unpleasant stimulus after the desired behavior

Question 25

punishment

Answer 25

action that discourages the recurrence of behavior

Question 26

reinforcement

Answer 26

action that increases the likelihood of the behavior

Question 27

physical punishment outcomes

Answer 27

aggression, anger, resentment, conflict, lower academic outcomes, future abusers

pronounced among temperamentally difficult children

Question 28

psychological control (punishment)

Answer 28

use of children’s shame/guilt to control behavior

manipulations include withdrawing love, wounding with sarcasm, teasing

Question 29

time out

Answer 29

favored if used correctly, ideally it’s brief, avoid yelling and increasing feelings of rejection and isolation

Question 30

when is punishment most effective?

Answer 30

immediately after undesired behavior, behavior should always lead to punishment, accompany with explanation about why and how it can be avoided in future, if child has affectionate relationship with caregiver administering punishment

Question 31

when is divorce most impactful?

Answer 31

emotional children, childhood and adolescence, children who do not actively cope, children who interpret events negatively

Question 32

how to help children adjust with divorce better?

Answer 32

cooperate with each other, explain why it’s happening, reassure, continued involvement after separation, validate negative feelings

live with same-sex parent for stronger emotional bonds

Question 33

hierarchy of needs

Answer 33

self actualization

esteem needs
belongingness and love needs

safety needs
physiological needs

Question 34

foundational practices

Answer 34

experiential play
invitational learning
responsiveness
consistent routines

Question 35

consistent needs

Answer 35

activities that happen at about the same time and in about the same way each day

meet children’s basic needs and establish a sense of safety and security

Question 36

responsiveness

Answer 36

establishes a warm and caring connection between caregiveers and children

understanding, flexibility, acceptance, validation, postitive guidance, acknowledgement, respect, match

Question 37

connection (foundational practices)

Answer 37

consistent routines + responsiveness = connection

4 critical elements: eye contact, being present, touch, playfulness

Question 38

invitational learning

Answer 38

we set up provocations and invite children to play and explore with us, and children are free to engage with other materials in the classroom as they choose

developmentally appropriate way to engage children and promote autonomy

Question 39

provocations

Answer 39

setting up an environment for open-ended activities that encourage children’s exploratory play and creative thinking

Question 40

experiential play

Answer 40

should be exploratory and experiential, give children a chance to explore with all of their senses

gives children opportunity to learn about their world

Question 41

repetition (foundational practices)

Answer 41

doing the same kind of experience multiple times, going over the same concept multiple times

helps with comprehension, allows you to build on previous knowledge and connect new knowledge