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childhood development > 3/17 interacting with others > Flashcards

3/17 interacting with others Flashcards

1
Q

prosocial behavior

A

actions that benefit others

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2
Q

altruism

A

prosocial behavior that helps another with no direct benefit to the individual

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3
Q

when can altruism develop?

A

18 months

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4
Q

prosocial behavior toddler and preschool years

A

children gradually begin to understand other’s needs and learn more appropriate altruistic responses

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5
Q

skills necessary in order to behave prosocially

A

perspective taking, empathy, moral reasoning

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6
Q

features that influence prosocial behavior

A

feelings of responsibility, feeling of competence, mood, costs of altruism

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7
Q

caregivers encouraging prosocial behavior

A

modeling, disciplinary practices, opportunities to behave in prosocial ways, volunteer work

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8
Q

aggression

A

behavior meant to harm others

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9
Q

intstrumental aggression

A

result of not having something you want, immediate grab

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10
Q

goal of intstrumental aggression

A

achieve a specific goal

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11
Q

reactive aggression

A

response to another person’s behavior

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12
Q

goal of reactive aggression

A

retaliate

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13
Q

relational aggression

A

non-physical acts to harm a social bond

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14
Q

goal of relational aggression

A

undermine social relationships of others

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15
Q

hostile aggression

A

unprovoked physical/verbal attack

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16
Q

goal of hostile aggression

A

intimidate, harass, humiliate others

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17
Q

solitary play

A

stage 1
plays alone, unaware of other children

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18
Q

onlooker play

A

stage 2
observes play of other children

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19
Q

parallel play

A

plays near other children with similr toys but does not influence them

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20
Q

parallel play age

A

12 months

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21
Q

associative play

A

engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comments

22
Q

associative play age

A

15-18 months

23
Q

cooperative play

A

children work toward a common goal (like make believe play)

24
Q

cooperative play age

A

24 months

25
Q

children more likely to have imaginary friends

A

firstborn and only chilren

26
Q

playmate parental influence

A

scaffolding play in children

27
Q

social direction parental influence

A

creating opportunities for play (playdates, enrolling kids in activities)

28
Q

coach parental influence

A

teaching children how to initiate interactions, make joint decisions, resolve conflict

29
Q

mediator parental influence

A

help negotiate between peers

30
Q

friendship

A

a voluntary relationship between two people involving multiple liking

31
Q

preschool and elementary friendship

A

children that like each other, like playing

32
Q

older elementary friendship

A

children that like each other, like playing together, additional psychological features such as trust and assistance

33
Q

adolescence friendship

A

children that like each other, like playing together, additional psychological features, intimacy (confide in one another, personal thoughts and feelings)

34
Q

who is intimacy more common in?

A

girls

35
Q

co-rumination

A

when good friends spend too much time discussing personal problems

36
Q

mutual antipathic relationship

A

a shared dislike for one another

37
Q

percentage of adolescents with romantic relations

A

66% in past 1.5 year by highschool lasting almost a year

38
Q

early dating with many partners

A

lower grades, drug use, less satisfying relationships in high school and future

39
Q

end of high school sexual intercourse percentage

A

2/3 of adolescents

40
Q

teen pregnancy percentage

A

of adolescent girls that have engaged in sex, 1 in 6 become pregnant

41
Q

percentage of teens that experience a period of sexual questioning

A

15%

42
Q

percentage of teens that identify as gay

A

5% (boys and girls)

43
Q

clique

A

small group of individuals who are good friends

44
Q

crowd

A

larger, mixed-sex group who have similar views and attitudes

45
Q

dominance hierarchy

A

a social structure that ranks individuals with a leader in the group that other members are aware of

46
Q

popular children

A

liked by many peers

47
Q

rejected children

A

disliked by many peers

48
Q

controversial children

A

both liked and disliked

49
Q

average children

A

liked and disliked by some peers but without intensity

50
Q

neglected children

A

ignored by peers

childhood development (11 decks)

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