3. A. Healthy Relationships and Mental and Emotional Health Flashcards
This deck covers factors influencing relationships, including socioeconomics, family dynamics, communication, decision-making, psychosocial development, human sexuality, and strategies for promoting healthy interactions, preventing abuse, and addressing mental health. (102 cards)
1
Q
What defines family dynamics?
A
They refer to the patterns of interactions, relationships, and roles within a family unit.
These dynamics can differ among family members and influence one another.
2
Q
What factors can influence family dynamics?
A
- Ages
- Parental support or lack thereof
- Personalities
- Intergenerational homes
- Disabilities
- Addictions
- Divorce
- Trauma
- Grief
- Culture
- Traditions
These factors can create intricate dynamics within families.
3
Q
What is an example of an authoritarian family dynamic?
A
This is characterized by strict rules, high expectations, and a low level of warmth and communication.
The child may feel shut down when questioning the rules.
4
Q
Fill in the blank:
Authoritarian parents expect high performance, but _______ children’s social needs.
A
ignore
This can lead to negative emotional outcomes for the child.
5
Q
What is a drawback of authoritarian parenting?
A
Authoritarian parenting can lead to:
- Lower self-esteem and happiness.
- Increased anxiety and stress.
- Negative impact on emotional development.
6
Q
Describe a family dynamic characterized by competitiveness.
A
Family members are always in competition to see who can do better than the others.
Siblings may compete for the best report card.
7
Q
What characterizes an uninvolved family dynamic?
A
Family members are neglected by a member who is either absent or physically present but inattentive.
An example is a parent who prioritizes work over family time.
8
Q
What defines a communal family dynamic?
A
Every member feels valued and can share their thoughts and opinions openly.
Parents listen and provide advice without harshness.
9
Q
What characterizes a healthy family dynamic?
A
- Open communication
- Emotional support
- Shared authority and responsibilities
- Respect
- Safety
- Love
These factors help build strong relationships among family members.
10
Q
What are cultural dynamics in the context of family?
A
Determined by one’s culture and impact family functioning.
Factors include:
- Gender roles
- Religious views
- How family is defined
11
Q
What are some signs of a dysfunctional family?
A
- Little to no communication
- Judgmental attitudes
- Mental/physical/emotional abuse
- Toxic living environment
These signs can shape interactions within the family.
12
Q
Define:
Personality Traits
A
Characteristics that describe an individual’s personality, including:
- Thoughts
- Feelings
- Behaviors
Personality traits remain stable throughout life and are influenced by:
- Genes
- Environment
13
Q
List:
The five primary personality traits.
A
- Openness
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
14
Q
What does openness mean in relation to personality traits?
A
Willingness to learn new things and engage in new experiences, often associated with creativity and abstract thinking.
Individuals high in openness are generally open to change.
15
Q
Define conscientiousness as a personality trait.
A
An individual’s ability to control impulses and their level of organizational skills.
Highly conscientious individuals are responsible and organized.
16
Q
What characterizes an individual with high extraversion?
A
- Outgoing
- Social
- Enjoying being the center of attention
Individuals low in extraversion tend to be reserved and dislike large social gatherings.
17
Q
Define agreeableness in personality traits.
A
- Focuses on kindness
- Dependability
- Cooperativeness
High agreeableness is associated with being caring and collaborative.
18
Q
How are personality traits commonly assessed?
A
Through self-report assessments that require individuals to answer questions about their:
- Attitudes
- Beliefs
- Values
- Behaviors
These assessments can be conducted via:
- Paper
- Computer
- Interviews
19
Q
What is the definition of tolerance?
A
A fair and objective attitude towards others, usually a conscious effort from the individual.
20
Q
What are some synonyms for tolerance?
A
- Allowance
- Acceptance
- Impartiality
- Parity
- Fairness
- Equivalence
21
Q
How does tolerance contribute to individual happiness?
A
Promotes individualism and expression of personal interests and beliefs.
22
Q
How does empathy relate to tolerance?
A
Encourages moral behavior by understanding how others feel.
23
Q
What role does the brain play in tolerance?
A
Responsible for the cognitive processes that allow for tolerance.
24
Q
What is the primary role of a healthy family?
A
The primary role of a healthy family is to provide a supportive and nurturing environment where all members can thrive emotionally, physically, and socially.
25
What are the **basic needs** provided by a child's family?
* Food
* Shelter
* Protection
* Identity
## Footnote
The **economic environment** impacts family behavior by:
* Causing food and shelter insecurity
* Limiting access to basic needs like healthcare
26
What are the *four* types of environments that **impact family behavior**?
* Economic
* Social and Cultural
* Physical
* Political
27
# Fill in the blank:
The science of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ studies how **environments alter the function of genes**.
Epigenetics
28
What is the definition of a **healthy relationship**?
A relationship where both people maintain their **individuality** while being **committed** to each other.
## Footnote
It is characterized by:
* Mutual respect
* Trust
* Honesty
* Commitment
* Empathy
29
What defines an **unhealthy relationship**?
A relationship where one person is more **invested** than the other, often leading to **emotional** or **physical abuse**.
## Footnote
It may include behaviors like:
* Guilt-tripping
* Refusal to listen
* Controlling actions
30
What are some major **red flags** in an unhealthy relationship?
* Lack of commitment
* Unhealthy self-image
* Addictions
* Mental illness without support
* Physical or emotional abuse
* Dishonest communication
* Infidelity
* Controlling behavior
## Footnote
These signs indicate significant issues that need addressing.
31
What are the *five types* of **unhealthy relationships**?
* Abusive
* Resentful
* Carefree
* Stagnant
* Enabler
## Footnote
Each type has distinct characteristics that can harm the individuals involved.
32
What is a **key difference** between *healthy* and *unhealthy* relationships?
* **Healthy** relationships have **trust and respect**.
* **Unhealthy** relationships are often marked by **dishonesty or secrecy**.
33
What should be the *first step* in addressing an **unhealthy relationship**?
**Recognize** the unhealthy behaviors present in the relationship.
## Footnote
This awareness is crucial for initiating change or seeking help.
34
What is the role of **motives** in **influencing behavior**?
Motives are biological and psychological needs or desires that **drive behavior**, such as:
* Hunger
* Ambition
## Footnote
Motives can lead to specific behavioral responses in different situations.
35
# True or False:
**Neuroticism** refers to a person's level of emotional stability.
True
## Footnote
High neuroticism indicates greater emotional instability.
36
Which of the following best describes the characteristic of **extraversion**?
A. Focused on internal thoughts and feelings.
B. Attention directed outward toward the external environment and social interactions.
C. Preference for solitary activities.
D. Inclination towards introspection and reflection.
**B. Attention directed outward** toward the external environment and social interactions.
37
How are **cognitive biases** defined?
These are **unconscious** errors in thinking that develop due to limitations in the brain's ability to understand presented knowledge.
## Footnote
They form through the interpretation of data and can be influenced by various factors.
38
What are the *three* types of **social biases** discussed?
* Prejudice
* Stereotyping
* Discrimination
## Footnote
A **bias** is a prejudice or inclination for or against something that is generally considered unfair.
39
How is **prejudice** defined?
An **emotional bias** based on social identity.
## Footnote
It can be **positive or negative**, affecting perceptions of individuals from specific social groups.
40
What is an example of **positive prejudice**?
Having **positive feelings** toward individuals based on their **religion**.
## Footnote
Prejudice is the **emotion**, while discrimination is the **action**.
41
What is the definition of a **stereotype**?
A **cognitive bias** based on assumptions about a social group.
## Footnote
Stereotypes **ignore** individual **differences** within the group.
Stereotypes can be **positive or negative**, but even positive stereotypes can lead to harmful outcomes.
42
What is the definition of **discrimination**?
A **behavioral bias** leading to **actions** against individuals based on their social identity.
## Footnote
Discrimination can occur on both **individual and institutional** levels.
43
What is **racism**?
The belief that one race is superior to others, leading to discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity.
44
# Define:
Colorism
A form of discrimination based on the shade of an individual's skin tone, often within the same racial or ethnic group.
## Footnote
It differs from racism, which targets people of color based on their ethnicity.
45
# True or False:
**Implicit prejudice** is always aligned with a person's expressed beliefs.
False
## Footnote
Individuals may profess not to hold stereotypes while **unconsciously harboring biases**.
46
How is **biological sex** defined?
A spectrum explaining an individual's **makeup at birth**, based on:
* Anatomy
* Physiological traits
47
What does **sexual orientation** describe?
An individual's enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attraction to others.
48
# Fill in the blank:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the advocacy for **equal rights for women** based on equality of all sexes.
Feminism
49
What was the **Supreme Court's verdict** in Brown v. Board of Education?
It was **unlawful** for public schools to **exclude students based on race**.
## Footnote
This verdict led to widespread desegregation of schools in the United States.
50
What were the initial effects of **desegregation** in schools?
* Racism increased.
* African American students' self-esteem was negatively affected.
## Footnote
Some psychologists attributed these outcomes to the competitive nature of classrooms.
51
How do **individual prejudice** and **institutional prejudice** differ?
* Individual prejudice is **personal bias**.
* Institutional prejudice exists within the **rules or norms of an institution**.
## Footnote
Examples include personal biases like Tom's versus systemic issues seen in workplaces.
52
# Define:
Catharsis
It is when we **get rid of negative emotions** by engaging in something like art or venting.
## Footnote
Catharsis is often thought of as a way to relieve emotional pressure.
53
What **physiological response** occurs after engaging in **aggression**?
* Engaging in aggression floods our bodies with adrenaline.
* Making our hearts beat fast.
* Giving a feeling of strength.
## Footnote
This feel-good response may contribute to the belief in **catharsis**.
54
How does **aggression reduce barriers to further aggression**?
If an individual **does not face consequences** for aggressive behavior, they realize they can get away with it.
## Footnote
This realization can encourage future acts of aggression.
55
What is a potential consequence of **blaming the victim** of aggression?
**Less guilt** means that the aggressor is likely to engage in aggressive behavior again, especially towards a victim they blame.
## Footnote
This cycle perpetuates aggression in social interactions.
56
What are **overarching factors** that influence major **life decisions** for couples?
* Goals
* Finances
* Career
* Compatibility
## Footnote
These factors guide couples in making significant life choices.
57
Define **compatibility** in the context of **couple decision-making**.
Refers to the degree to which partners align in their values, goals, preferences, and communication styles.
## Footnote
Compatibility includes trust and alignment of major life goals.
58
What are some **factors** a couple should consider when deciding to have children?
* Core values
* Parenting styles
* Financial Stability
* Emotional Readiness
* Health Considerations
* Support Systems
* Career and Life Goals
## Footnote
Understanding each other's parenting philosophies is crucial before having children.
59
What challenges may **new parents** face during the first few months of parenthood?
* Added work and responsibilities.
* Sleep deprivation.
* Less personal time.
* Decline in marital satisfaction.
60
What is a normal part of family life that **influences decision making**?
* Conflict
* Communication
## Footnote
Conflict can be defined as **disagreement** and **tension** among family members.
61
What are some **common topics** that can lead to family decision making?
* Moving to a new town.
* Summer vacation.
* Caring for an aging relative.
## Footnote
These topics can range from routine decisions to more stressful issues.
62
What **personal aspects** influence family decision making?
* Values
* Temperament
* Personal experiences
* Relationships
## Footnote
**Values are core beliefs** shaped by family context and individual experiences.
63
How can **differing values** lead to **conflict** in a family decision?
These can lead to conflict in family decision-making because each family member's values shape their perspectives, priorities, and expectations.
## Footnote
Different family members may prioritize **different values** when making decisions.
64
# Define:
Respect
| (in the context of relationships)
It means valuing and acknowledging each other's thoughts, feelings, boundaries, and individuality.
## Footnote
Mutual respect is crucial for positive relationships.
65
How can understanding each other's interests contribute to **relationship development**?
In several meaningful ways:
* Shared Experiences
* Improved Communication
* Increased Empathy
* Support and Encouragement
* Conflict Reduction
* Emotional Connection
## Footnote
This can be done through shared activities like outings.
66
What major life events influence **adult growth and development**?
* Marriage
* Parenthood
* Children leaving home
* Grandparenthood
## Footnote
These life events significantly impact an adult's physical, mental, and emotional development.
67
What is the acronym used to remember the **five stages of dying**?
DABDA
## Footnote
**D**enial
**A**nger
**B**argaining
**D**epression
**A**cceptance
68
What characterizes the **denial stage**?
This is the initial phase of grief where individuals struggle to accept the reality of a loss or a traumatic event. Key elements of this stage include:
* Shock and Numbness
* Disbelief
* Avoidance
* Withdrawal
* Temporary Defense Mechanism
## Footnote
Patients may seek second opinions or distract themselves from the diagnosis.
69
What emotions are commonly experienced in the **anger stage**?
* Anger
* Frustration
* Irritability
* Resentment
* Bitterness
* Blame
## Footnote
Patients may question 'Why me?' and may direct anger toward loved ones.
70
What is a key behavior in the **bargaining stage**?
During this stage, individuals often attempt to negotiate or make deals with themselves, a higher power, or fate in an effort to reverse or lessen the impact of the loss.
## Footnote
Patients may promise to change behaviors in exchange for a different outcome.
71
What does the **depression stage** involve?
Deep feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair as individuals begin to fully grasp the magnitude of their loss. Key elements of this stage include:
* Profound Sadness
* Isolation
* Fatigue
* Crying
* Guilt and Regret
* Difficulty Concentrating
## Footnote
Patients may experience changes in eating and sleeping habits and may refuse visitors.
72
What is the defining characteristic of the **acceptance stage**?
Coming to terms with the reality of the loss and finding a way to move forward.
## Footnote
Patients may discuss funeral arrangements and show a lack of strong emotions.
73
What is the importance of **communication** in professional settings?
Essential for success and **networking** in the workplace.
## Footnote
Effective communication promotes professional advancement and builds relationships.
74
What are the two main categories of **communication**?
* Formal communication
* Informal communication
## Footnote
These categories impact how information is conveyed and received.
75
# Define:
Formal Communication
**Structured** and **uniformed** communication intended to be concise and efficient.
## Footnote
Often follows specific rules and is used in professional contexts.
76
Identify some **modes** of formal communication.
* Emails
* Memos
* Formal one-to-one meetings
* Presentations
* Meetings
* Public Addresses
## Footnote
These modes are typically used to meet administrative goals.
77
# Define:
Informal Communication
**Spontaneous** communication without a rigorous structure.
## Footnote
It occurs between friends and family, satisfying personal interests.
78
How is **active listening** defined?
**Engaging in the conversation** by focusing on what the other individual is saying.
## Footnote
Active listening involves:
* Paying attention
* Reflecting on the message
79
Why is **effective listening** significant?
* Saves time.
* Creates a safe environment.
* Releases negative energy.
* Makes the person feel understood.
## Footnote
Effective listening builds **stronger relationships**.
80
What are some **traits of a good listener**?
* Focus solely on the speaker.
* Show interest.
* Avoid interrupting.
* Withhold judgment.
## Footnote
These traits help ensure effective communication.
81
What are the *six* types of **communication**?
* Oral
* Interpersonal
* Nonverbal
* Written
* Visual
* Listening
## Footnote
Each type serves a specific role in effective communication.
82
What does **nonverbal communication** include?
* Body language
* Facial expressions
* Eye contact
* Vocal tones
* Pitch
* Gestures
## Footnote
Nonverbal cues can **convey emotions and reactions without words**.
83
What does **folded arms** typically signal in communication?
* Rejection
* Defensiveness
## Footnote
Body posture can send strong nonverbal signals about a person's feelings.
84
What is **conflict resolution**?
The process where two or more parties work together to **resolve a conflict** with **agreement on the solution proposed**.
## Footnote
It can be formal or informal and works best when conducted quickly with input from all parties.
85
What are **conflict resolution skills**?
Skills that enable a person to **quickly, respectfully, and effectively** resolve conflict.
## Footnote
These skills include:
* Assertiveness
* Active listening
* Problem-solving
* Empathy
* Effective communication
86
What are some *benefits* of **conflict resolution skills**?
Building relationships that foster **mutual respect and trust**, leading to creativity and stronger relationships.
## Footnote
Healthy relationships often involve conflict, but **resolving it peacefully** enhances these relationships.
87
What is the role of **empathy** in conflict resolution?
To effectively imagine what the **opposite person is feeling or experiencing**, enabling objective consideration of contributions to the conflict.
## Footnote
Empathy is central to understanding the impact of one's actions on others.
88
How is **passive-aggressive communication** defined?
A communication style where the communicator appears **calm but feels anger** or resentment internally, acting out in subversive ways.
## Footnote
This style often involves manipulation tactics like:
* Use of sarcasm
* Rolling eyes
* Delaying tasks
* Silent treatment
* Talking to themselves under their breath
89
# Define:
Passive Communication
An avoidance style of communication that **does not express personal feelings** and prioritizes others' needs over one's own.
## Footnote
This style often leads to inner turmoil and may result in outbursts of anger.
90
What can *cause* **passive-aggressive communication?**
Feelings held inside and **unresolved conflicts** between parties, often stemming from a sense of powerlessness.
## Footnote
Passive-aggressive communicators may fear showing weakness or initiating honest conversations.
91
What are some common *characteristics* of **passive communicators**?
* Soft voice
* Frequent apologies
* Avoidance of eye contact
* Not speaking up in meetings
* Allowing others to speak on their behalf
## Footnote
Passive communicators often feel unheard and taken advantage of.
92
What is **aggressive communication**?
A high emotional, high energy communication style **focused on winning the conversation**, often through bullying and coercion.
## Footnote
Aggressive communicators do not respect others' boundaries and frequently interrupt.
93
Identify *examples* of **aggressive communication**.
* 'I don't care what you have to say, I'm right.'
* 'Will you shut up? I'm talking!'
* 'This whole situation is entirely your fault. I'm done here.'
## Footnote
These statements illustrate a lack of empathy and a focus on dominating the conversation.
94
What defines **assertive communication**?
An effective communication style where the **communicator is clear about their needs** while remaining respectful and empathetic.
## Footnote
Assertive communicators listen actively and maintain a calm demeanor.
95
What are the *characteristics* of **assertive communicators**?
* Clear intentions
* Firm without being aggressive
* Active listening
* Maintains eye contact
* Willing to compromise
## Footnote
Assertive communication fosters healthy interactions.
96
# Define:
Refusal Skills
Strategies or **methods used to say ''no''** in pressured situations.
## Footnote
Refusal skills help avoid dangerous behaviors, such as drug or alcohol use.
97
Identify *two* strategies to use during **peer pressure situations**.
* Make eye contact.
* Stay firm and committed to the answer.
## Footnote
These strategies reinforce the refusal and help maintain confidence.
98
How do the **physical changes of puberty** affect social and emotional experiences?
Changes can lead to **mood swings** and **new social experiences**, such as:
* Increased attention from peers.
* Romantic interest.
99
# Define:
High-Risk Sexual Behaviors
Any sexual act that could likely result in **harm** to the people involved.
## Footnote
High-risk behaviors can lead to:
* Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
* Unwanted pregnancies
* Unhealthy relationships
100
What psychosocial conflict defines **adolescence**, and how does it influence identity formation?
The conflict is **identity vs. role confusion**.
## Footnote
This stage marks a transition toward independence and self-awareness.
101
In Erik Erikson's theory, what is the *primary* psychosocial task during **adulthood**?
The key task is **intimacy vs. isolation**.
## Footnote
Healthy relationships contribute to emotional well-being and life satisfaction.
102
What is the focus of psychosocial development in **late adulthood**?
The focus is **integrity vs. despair**.
## Footnote
Successful resolution leads to wisdom and acceptance of life’s journey.
