3: Ear disease

Question 1

How is hearing tested in clinic?

Answer 1

Tuning fork tests

Rinne and Weber’s tests

Question 2

What graph is used to diagnose hearing loss?

Answer 2

Audiogram

Question 3

What is a sign of conductive hearing loss on an audiogram?

Answer 3

Gap between air conductance and bone conductance

Question 4

What is a sign of sensorineural hearing loss on an audiogram?

Answer 4

No gap between air/bone conductance but the whole thing has dropped

Question 5

How do you manipulate an adult’s ear to look at the external acoustic meatus?

Answer 5

Lift superiorly and posteriorly

i.e up and back

Question 6

What device is used to examine the ear?

Answer 6

Otoscope

Question 7

What are the three main types of deafness?

Answer 7

Conductive

Sensorineural

Mixed

Question 8

What is central hearing loss?

Answer 8

Damage to hearing centre in the brain

Nerves are intact

Question 9

Pathology of which nerves can cause a referred otalgia?

Answer 9

V

VII

IX

X

C2 and C3

Question 10

What structures should be examined in someone with otalgia?

Answer 10

Ear

Nose

Throat

Question 11

Which ear diseases are notable for causing discharge?

Answer 11

Acute and chronic otitis media

Cholesteatoma

CSF leaks secondary to trauma, infection etc.

Question 12

What are the two types of dizziness?

Answer 12

Central

Peripheral

Question 13

What is the clinical name for dizziness?

Answer 13

Vertigo

Question 14

What symptom must you ask about in a patient with vertigo?

Answer 14

Any hearing loss?

Question 15

What is the most common cause of vertigo?

Answer 15

Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV)

Question 16

What is tinnitus?

Answer 16

Ringing in the ears

hearing your internal sounds rather than the external ones

Question 17

What is otitis externa?

Answer 17

Infectious inflammation of the external acoustic meatus

Bacteria, viruses, fungus

Question 18

What should be avoided in otitis externa?

Answer 18

Water

Keep good ear hygiene

Question 19

What is a possible consequence of severe otitis media?

Answer 19

Perforated tympanic membrane

Question 20

What is otitis media with effusion also known as?

Answer 20

Glue ear

Question 21

Where does fluid accumulate in otitis media with effusion?

Answer 21

Behind tympanic membrane

Question 22

What is the definition of otitis media with effusion?

Answer 22

Fluid behind the tympanic membrane WITHOUT INFECTION

Question 23

What causes otitis media with effusion?

Answer 23

Blockage of Eustachian tube

Question 24

What is a Grommet tube?

Answer 24

Ventilation tube which allows drainage of fluid from middle to external ear

Question 25

If otitis media persists for ages, what is it called? What is a common complication?

Answer 25

**Chronic otitis media** **Perforated tympanic membrane, hearing loss**

Question 26

What is **cholesteatoma**?

Answer 26

**Skin in the wrong place** i.e hyperproduction of keratinised squamous epithelium in the middle ear

Question 27

What is a complication of **cholesteatoma**?

Answer 27

**Destruction of auditory ossicles** **Abscess**

Question 28

What is a common symptom of cholesteatoma?

Answer 28

**Foul-smelling discharge**

Question 29

Seeing as it's found in the **middle ear**, how is cholesteatoma investigated?

Answer 29

**CT / MRI scan**

Question 30

What are the symptoms of ear disease?

Answer 30

**Loss of hearing** **Discharge** **Vertigo** **Tinnitus** **Pain** **Facial paralysis**