Bio second chance booklet Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is oxidative phosphorylation also known as?
ETC
ETC stands for Electron Transport Chain.
How many ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis per glucose?
2 ATP
This is the net yield after accounting for ATP used.
What is the breakdown product of triose bisphosphate in glycolysis?
pyruvate
Triose bisphosphate is converted to pyruvate during glycolysis.
How many ATP are produced per turn of the Krebs cycle?
1 ATP
This occurs when a 5-carbon compound is converted to a 4-carbon compound.
Where does the link reaction occur within cells?
matrix of mitochondrion
Alternatively, simply ‘mitochondria’ can be accepted.
Which organelle synthesizes enzymes required for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?
ribosome
What can mutations lead to in terms of genetic variation?
changes in genes and chromosomes
These changes may be passed on to the next generation.
What process produces new combinations of alleles in gametes by independent assortment of chromosomes?
meiosis
What is the result of crossing over between chromatids during meiosis?
new combinations of alleles in gametes
How does random fertilization of gametes contribute to genetic variation?
produces new combinations of alleles in a zygote
What contributes to genetic variation through mating?
random mating
What is genetic diversity?
the number of different alleles in a population
How does genetic diversity influence observable traits?
different combinations of alleles result in different proteins
What is the outcome for organisms with advantageous traits in natural selection?
more likely to survive and reproduce
What happens to advantageous alleles over time in a population?
their frequency increases
Why do scientists classify organisms?
To identify species, predict characteristics, and find evolutionary links
why is classification important
- enables scinetists to share information- makes communication easier
- provides information about the organism based on the members of the ame group
- allows accurate identification of an organism
originally - observable features
Prokaryotae are classified as
- unicellular
- no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
- small 70s ribsomes
- feed through cell wall or internally through photosynthesis
eg: E.coli
originally - observable features
Protocista classified as
- mainly unicellular
- a nucleus and other membrane bound organels
- some have chloroplast
- some are sessile some move via flagelum/cilia
- some are parasitic
- heterotrophic, autotrophic or both
eg. amoeba
originally - observable features
Classification of fungi
uni or multicellular
chitin cell wall
nucleus and other memebrane bound organells
no chloroplast
no mechansism for locomotion
have a body or mycelium made up of threads or hyphae
saprotrophic from decaying matter
some are parasitic
yeast, or mushrooms
parasitic def
In biology, parasitism describes a relationship where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of another organism, the host. The parasite derives nutrients or energy from the host, which is harmed by this interaction
changes to classification with advancement of science
with the facts about what determins the three domain
- no longer observable features only now..genetics, biological molecules
compare dna and proteinswhich determis an organisms characteristics
Now classification of three domain system
based on differneces in sequence of ribsomal RNA
Eukarya - 80s ribsomes, RNA polymerase contians 12 proteins
Archea - 70s ribsomes, RNA polymerase contains 8-10 proteins
Bacteria- 70s ribsomes, RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins
what are the names of the biologists that came up with the classification theorys
Carl Woese- three domain
Robert whittaker - 5 kingdoms based on principles of C.L
Carl Linnaeous -binomial nomeculture
