3.1.6 Energy and ATP

Question 1

What comprises a single molecule of ATP?

Answer 1

Nucleotide formed from:
A molecule of ribose
A molecule of adenine
Three phosphate groups

Question 2

What are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 2

ADP
An inorganic phosphate group (Pi)
Energy

Question 3

What enzyme catalyses the break down of ATP?

Answer 3

ATP hydrolase

Question 4

Why is the hydrolysis of ATP a useful reaction?

Answer 4

It releases energy within cells

Question 5

How is the inorganic phosphate produced by the hydrolysis of ATP used?

Answer 5

Phosphorylation of other compounds

this can make them more reactive

Question 6

How is ATP resynthesised?

Answer 6

Condensation of ADP and Pi

Question 7

Which enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ATP?

Answer 7

ATP synthase

Question 8

When does the re-synthesis of ATP occur?

Answer 8

During photosynthesis
During respiration
When phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP

Question 9

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 9

Addition of a phosphate group on to another molecule

Question 10

What is energy?

Answer 10

The ability to do work

Question 11

Name some forms of energy?

Answer 11

Sound
Chemical
Gravitational potential
Kinetic
Thermal
Electric
Elastic potential
Light

Question 12

Can energy be produced?

Answer 12

Transformed from one form to another

Can’t be created or destroyed

Question 13

What is the measurement for energy?

Answer 13

Joules (J)

Question 14

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 14

Energy cannot be crated or destroyed, only transferred from one store to another.

Question 15

Is ATP energy?

Answer 15

It is a store of energy, not energy itself

Question 16

Describe the molecule of ATP.

Answer 16

A phosphorylated macromolecule

Question 17

What is the main reactant for energy?

Answer 17

ATP

NOT glucose.

Question 18

Describe adenine.

Answer 18

2 ring structure
Lots of nitrogen
Alkaline properties

Question 19

Describe the bonding between phosphate groups of ATP.

Answer 19

Unstable bonds with low activation energy are easily broken

Broken bonds release a lot of energy

Question 20

Which phosphate bind releases the most energy?

Answer 20

The one furthest from the ribose

between phosphate 2 and 3

Question 21

What 3 parts is the ATP nucleotide made up of?

Answer 21

Pentose sugar (ribose)
Base (adenine)
3 phosphate groups

Question 22

Describe the two ways ATP can be drawn.

Answer 22

2 circles
Rectangle
3 ovals

Rectangle
Pentagon
3 circles

Question 23

How is ATP made in respiration?

Answer 23

From glucose

38 ATP molecules made from 1 glucose molecule

Question 24

Is hydrolysis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

Answer 24

Exothermic

Question 25

What do you call ADP and an inorganic phosphate group together?

Answer 25

Adenosine Di-phosphate

Question 26

Describe synthesising ATP.

Answer 26

Reverse reaction Endothermic Condensation reaction

Question 27

How does ATP being unstable affect its reactions?

Answer 27

There is only ever a 3 second supply in a cell Continuously formed and broken down Immediate energy source

Question 28

Describe an inorganic phosphate group.

Answer 28

Not alive just matter | Floating in cytoplasm

Question 29

Name the three ways phosphorylation occurs.

Answer 29

Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 30

What is photo phosphorylation?

Answer 30

Come from light Energy in photosynthesis Takes place in chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis

Question 31

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 31

Occurs in mitochondria of plant and animal cells Occurs during the process of electron transport (oil rig- oxidation is loss)

Question 32

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Answer 32

Occurs in plant and animal cells | Occurs when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP to make ATP

Question 33

Why is ATP a good, immediate source of energy?

Answer 33

Energy is released in a simple single step reaction Releases energy on breakdown/hydrolysis in small amounts so is suitable for jobs that need doing immediately Can be readily moved as it is soluble

Question 34

Why is ATP efficient?

Answer 34

It can’t be stored

Question 35

ATP is a source of energy for which 5 things?

Answer 35

``` Metabolic processes Movement Active transport Secretion Activation of molecules ```

Question 36

How does ATP energy release aid metabolic processes?

Answer 36

Build up macromolecules from their basic units

Question 37

How does ATP energy release aid movement?

Answer 37

Energy used to slide muscle filaments over each other to shorten muscle fibres Muscle contraction

Question 38

How does ATP energy release aid active transport?

Answer 38

Energy needed to change the shape of carrier proteins in cell membrane to transport ions against their concentration gradient

Question 39

How does ATP synthesis aid secretion?

Answer 39

ATP needed to form lysosomes necessary to secrete all cell products

Question 40

How does ATP hydrolysis aid activation of molecules?

Answer 40

Inorganic phosphate used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive Lowering activation energy in enzyme catalysed reactions Eg addition of phosphate to glucose molecules at the start of glycolysis