3.2.3.1.9 Group dynamics

Question 1

What is a team?

Answer 1

A group of individuals working together to achieve a goal

Question 2

4 characteristics of a team:

Answer 2

Collective identity, interaction, communication, shared goal/purpose

Question 3

Tuckmans 4 stages of group formation in order:

Answer 3

1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing

Question 4

What is involved in forming stage of tuckmans model?

Answer 4

The group comes together and gets to know each other
Assessment made on strengths of individual compared to strengths of others in group

Question 5

What is involved in storming stage of tuckmans model?

Answer 5

Potential conflict over establishing position, status or role in team

Question 6

What is involved in norming stage of tuckmans model?

Answer 6

Team begins to settle and co operate with intention of achieving goals
Group standards are accepted and cohesion develops

Question 7

What is involved in performing stage of tuckmans model?

Answer 7

The players are interactive and work together to achieve goals
Team members support each other and understand their role in team

Question 8

What 3 factors does the length of time of group formation process depend upon?

Answer 8

Size of group, difficulty of task, experience of players

Question 9

What is cohesion?

Answer 9

The tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals

Question 10

What is co action and an example?

Answer 10

When others do the same task at the same time but separately e.g. rowing

Question 11

What is interaction and an example?

Answer 11

When a group involving individuals carrying out different roles works together to produce results e.g. netball

Question 12

What are the 4 factors influencing cohesion according to Carrons antecedents?

Answer 12

1. environmental factors
2. personal factors
3. leadership factors
4. team factors

Question 13

What do environmental factors include in Carrons antecedents?

Answer 13

The size of the group and the time available

Question 14

What do personal factors include in Carrons antecedents?

Answer 14

The similarity of group members in terms of their aspirations, opinions and values

Question 15

What does leadership factors include in Carrons antecedents?

Answer 15

The leadership style and qualities of the coach or captain

Question 16

What do team factors include in Carrons antecedents?

Answer 16

Team success, team experiences, length of time together, threats to team

Question 17

What is task cohesion?

Answer 17

Individuals working together to achieve an end result

Question 18

What is social cohesion?

Answer 18

Individuals relating to each other to interact in the group

Question 19

Importance of social cohesion:

Answer 19

Helps the team be interactive, helps communication and team spirit

Question 20

Negative influence of social cohesion:

Answer 20

May produce sub groups or ‘cliques’ that reduce co operation and contribution

Question 21

Importance of task cohesion:

Answer 21

Can override problems of social cohesion as performance and results may still be good even if teams do not socialise
Motivation and desire for success drive the team towards achieving goals

Question 22

What is the equation for Steiners model of team performance?

Answer 22

Actual productivity= Potential productivity - Losses due to faulty processes

Question 23

What is actual productivity in Steiners model of team performance?

Answer 23

The outcome of group performance

Question 24

What is potential productivity in Steiners model of team performance?

Answer 24

The best possible performance based on player ability and group resources

Question 25

What are faulty processes in Steiners model of team performance?

Answer 25

The things that go wrong to reduce group outcomes and prevent group potential being reached

Question 26

What are the 2 types of faulty processes that can occur?

Answer 26

Co ordination problems and motivational problems

Question 27

What do co ordination problems include in Steiners model of team performance?

Answer 27

- Players failing to listen to coachs instructions or employing incorrect tactics - Players failing to communicate with each other - Players misunderstanding their role in the team

Question 28

What do motivational problems include in Steiners model of team performance?

Answer 28

Players suffering from too much or too little arousal Players losing the drive to win, reducing effort and concentration

Question 29

What is social loafing?

Answer 29

Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised

Question 30

What do social loafers tend to do?

Answer 30

Coast through the game, hide behind other players, take easy options, make limited contributions

Question 31

Causes of social loafing:

Answer 31

- Lack of confidence where the player does not believe in their ability to compete with opposition - Developing negative attitudes - Coach or captain displaying poor leadership by not offering incentives and reinforcement - Players not understanding or accepting their role in the team - Players lacking fitness to maintain their role - Coaches setting general goals that lack meaning - Sub groups or 'cliques' that form

Question 32

What is the ringelmann effect?

Answer 32

When group performance decreases with an increase in group size

Question 33

How to avoid social loafing:

Answer 33

- Coach making sure individual efforts are recognised and rewarded - Coach using stats to highlight individual performance - Coach using goal setting strategy to make realistic specific goals - Coach using video analysis to highlight individual performance - Coach using feedback to evaluate and assess performance - Coach avoiding situations in training where social loafing could occur

Question 34

How could a coach avoid situations in training where social loafing could occur?

Answer 34

Use small sided games and vary practice to maintain motivation