Oral Microbiology Flashcards
what are the 3 potential fates of DNA introduced into bacteria
degradation, integration into a plasmid, integration into the chromosome
what is a restriction enzyme
enzyme that recognizes specific DNA sequences and cleaves them
how does methylation of DNA affect a restriction enzyme
they are markers or identifiers where NOT to cleave
what are the 3 methods of introducing DNA into bacteria
tranformation, transduction, and conjugation
what is the difference b/w transformation and transduction
transformation is the uptake of DNA via a plasmid or directly into chromosome, transduction integrates DNA through a virus (baccteriophage)
what is the difference b/w the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phage development
Lytic cycle releases the phages viral DNA into the bacteria and immediatley lyses
lysogenic integrates the viral DNA into the bacteria and hides w/in the chromosome until further action
the lytic and lysogenic cycle are both examples of what ?
transduction
conjugation
where bacteria exchange DNA (F plasmid from F+ to F-) via cell to cell contact
what are the different kinds of mutations
base substitution, deletion, insertion, duplication
how many cells can be found on the human body, and of that what percentage are human cells
100 trillion total but only 10 % human cells
bacterial cells make up what percentage of total body volume in human
less than 10 %
how many types of bacteria are found in the oral cavity
500-1000
T/F All bacteria occupy the same environmental niches
F, different bacteria prefer different parts of the human body
what are the 3 types of shift that occur with increased severity of periodontal disease
1 - shift from gram (+) to gram (-) species
2- shift to more uncultivated types of bacteria (more that we do not know of)
3 - shift to increased complexity
T/F there is a community shift that occurs in progression of disease
T
