respiratory viruses

Question 1

what is the virus family, genome, and virion of influenza virus

Answer 1

family - orthomyxovirus
genome - segmented (-) ssRNA
virion - enveloped

Question 2

what strain of the influenza virus most commonly is associated with humans

Answer 2

type A influenza

Question 3

what does HA stand for, what virus has these, and what is its function

Answer 3

Hemagglutin protein in infulenza viruses

-used for cell attachment/entry

Question 4

what does NA stand for, what virus has this, and what is its function

Answer 4

• Neuroamidas protein in the infuenza virus

- used for budding/release

Question 5

what strain of influenza is known to have an animal resovoir

Answer 5

type A (waterfowl)

Question 6

where does replication occur for Type A influenza ?

Answer 6

in the host nucleus (unique b/c most RNA virus replicate in the host cytoplasm)
-Type a genome is (-) ssRNA

Question 7

What other viruses with are unique to the rule in that they hava a (-)ssRNA genome but replicate in the nucleus

Answer 7

HTLV-1 virus

HIV

Question 8

how is Type A influenza transmitted and what is its incubation time

Answer 8

aersol droplets (fairly contagious)
-1 to 4 days incubation

Question 9

what are the current circulating strains of seasonal influenza

Answer 9

H3N2, H1N1

Question 10

Type A influenza can be prevented by administering a live attenuated vaccine, however this vaccine must be redeveloped each year, why ?

Answer 10

Antigenic shift, meaning the virus has rapidly changing proteins that can adapt evolve to become resistant

Question 11

the live attenuated vaccine given to prevent influenza usually contains what strains ?

Answer 11

H3N2, H1N1, Type B strain

Question 12

what influenza protein do antivirals amantidine and rimantidine block

Answer 12

Blocks M2 protein

-thus blocks nucleocapsid release/entry

Question 13

what influenza protein does antiviral Tamiflu block

Answer 13

blocks NA (neuroamidase protein)
-thus blocking budding/release

Question 14

what was the most deathly influenza pandemic recorded, and what type of strain was it ?

Answer 14

1918 Spanish Flu

H1N1 virus causing cytokine storm (caused deaths)

Question 15

It is believed that influenza pandemics arise from ?

Answer 15

avian strains of influenza

Question 16

what avian influenza strains are known as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Answer 16

H5 and H7 strains

Question 17

What is the family, genome, and virion of adenovirus

Answer 17

family - adenoviridae
genome - dsDNA
virion - nonenveloped

Question 18

Gene expression for adenovirus occurs in 3 stages, what are they ?

Answer 18

1 - intermediate-early : E1A
2- early : E1B and more
3 - late

Question 19

Genome replication in adenovirus is unique in that in order to copy both ends of the genome, the displaced strand must ______ to allow template copies to be made

Answer 19

circularize

-remember its dsDNA

Question 20

what protein of the adenovirus works in the intermediate-early stage of gene expression to inactivate pRB (which allows for replication to occur)

Answer 20

E1A

Question 21

what protein of the adenovirus works in the early stage of gene expression to inactivate p53 (which allows for replication to occur )

Answer 21

E1B

Question 22

the adenovirus has specific proteins that block _____ induced apoptosis, and the action of _______ which work in translation

Answer 22

• TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

- IFN alpha and IFN beta

Question 23

The symptoms of what 2 virus are the same as the common cold ?

Answer 23

Adenovirus and Rhinovirus

Question 24

why is the adenovirus frequently used for gene therapy

Answer 24

b/c it has a segmented genome which diff. proteins can be added to

Question 25

acute respiratory disease (ARD) is associated w/ what virus

Answer 25

Adenovirus

Question 26

what group of people are at an elevated risk for acute respiratory disease (ARD)

Answer 26

military

Question 27

Which virus has a very large antigenic diversity which makes developing a vaccine very difficult

Answer 27

rhinovirus

Question 28

what is the family, genome, and virion of the rhinovirus

Answer 28

family - picornavirus
genome - (+) ssRNA
virion - nonenveloped