Antivirals and Vaccines

Question 1

what are the 5 strategies of antivirals in blocking different parts of the virus life cycle

Answer 1

• fusion inhibitors
• ion channel inhibitiors
• polymerase inhibitors
• protease inhibitors
• neuroamidase inhibitors

Question 2

what is the antiviral used for HIV, and what part of the virus life cycle does it inhibit

Answer 2

Enfuvirtide

-inhibits fusion (entry)

Question 3

what are the antivirals used for influenza, and what part of the virus life cycle do they inhibit

Answer 3

Amantadine and rimantadine

-prevent nucleocapsid release (entry)

Question 4

what part of the virus life cycle do nucleoside analog antivirals inhibit

Answer 4

inhibit elongation step in genome replication

-inevitably cause chain termination

Question 5

what is the antiviral used against most herpesvirus, and what part of the virus life cycle does it inhibit

Answer 5

acyclovir

-inhibits genome replication via nucleoside analog

Question 6

what strain of herpesvirus is antiviral Acyclovir not very effective against

Answer 6

betaherpesvirus or CMV

Question 7

what antiviral is specifically effective against CMV

Answer 7

Ganciclovir

Question 8

what is the name of the antiviral that acts similar to Acyclovir, but instead is in a pill form giving it improved oral bioavalibility

Answer 8

Valganciclovir

Question 9

what is the last resort of antivirals used against herpesvirus and must be administered intravenously

Answer 9

Foscarnet

Question 10

HIV and HBV (hepatitis B) have multiple antivirals for them. What specific part of the virus life cycle do most of these inhibit

Answer 10

inhibit genome replication via nucleoside analogs

Question 11

what is the antiviral name of the nucleoside inhibitor of RNA viruses

Answer 11

Ribavirin

Question 12

what part of the virus life cycle would an antiviral that inhibits proteases affect ?

Answer 12

release part of life cycle

-no protease=no release

Question 13

the antiviral named ritonavir is used as treatment against HIV, what part of the virus life cycle does it inhibit

Answer 13

release via protease inhibitor

Question 14

an antiviral that inhibits NA or neuroamidase would be affecting what part of the virus life cycle

Answer 14

release part of life cycle

Question 15

What are the 3 challenges that must be took into consideration when developing an antiviral

Answer 15

1 - bioavalibility
2 - specificity
3 - toxicity

Question 16

what are known as natural antivirals

Answer 16

nterferons

Question 17

interferons used as natural antivirals are most effective against what type of viruses

Answer 17

RNA viruses

Question 18

what is the difference b/w active and passive immunization

Answer 18

Active - administer live pathogen to induce Ab

Passive - administer exogenous Ab

Question 19

what is the main advantage and disadvantage of a live attenuated vaccine

Answer 19

Adv. - provides stronger immunity

Dis. - potential to revert and unsafe for immunocomprimised patients

Question 20

which virus is most typically considered when taking about the reversion of a live attenuated vaccine back to pathogenic form

Answer 20

poliovirus

Question 21

what are the 2 main considerations of vaccines before adminstering ?

Answer 21

• age

- special populations

Question 22

what are the 3 important immune cell types in a vaccination

Answer 22

1 - B cells (Ab)
2 - CD8 Tcells (cell mediated immunity)
3 - CD4 Tcells (Ab)