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Micro > Biology of Infectious Agents > Flashcards

Biology of Infectious Agents Flashcards

1
Q

muticellular community of bacteria attached to a surface, surrounded by a self-produced extracellular polymer matrix

A

biofilm

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2
Q

what percentage of microbial infections are caused by biofilm

A

60-80%

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3
Q

there are how many different species of oral biofilm (plaque)

A

> 600

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4
Q

what are free swimming bacteria called

A

planktonic

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5
Q

what is the definition when bacteria are irreversibly attacehed

A

sessile

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6
Q

what is surface conditioning

A

absorbtion of organic molecules onto a clean surface forming a conditioning film easy for bacteria to adhere/attach to

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7
Q

what is the name given to the 1st bacteria to attach to a conditioned surface

A

pioneer bacteria or primary colonizers

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8
Q

what bonds bacteria in reversible adhesion

A

van der waals forces

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9
Q

what bonds bacteria in irreversible adhesion

A

adhesion molecules (proteins)

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10
Q

secondary colonizers bind to ?

A

primary colonizers

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11
Q

fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) has what purpose in biofilm formation

A

bridge species, meaning it bridges gap b/w early and late colonizers

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12
Q

what does cooperative consortia mean with regards to formation of biofilm

A

specific species of biofilm group together based upon their most important needs (ex. anearobic vs aerobic)

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13
Q

what volume percentage does the extracellular polymer make up vs. the actual bacteria in biofilm ?

A

polymer 75-95 %

bacteria 5-25 %

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of biofilm dispersal

A

active - enzyme degradation of extracellular polymer
passive - fluid flow causing movement, human intervention
new pioneer cells

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15
Q

what are the stages of the biofilm cycle

A

attachment, coloniization, growth, maturation, dispersal

REPEAT

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16
Q

What are 4 advantages of biofilm to microbes

A
  • resistant to antimicrobials
  • resistant to host defenses (WBC, phagocytes)
  • resistant to mechanical removal
  • use eachothers waste/resources for energy
17
Q

what are the advantages of biofilm to the host

A

presence of good species of biofilm can prevent colonization of harmful species by

  • occupying space
  • producing defense molecules killing other species
18
Q

adhesion molecules would be considered primary or secondary colonizers ?

A

primary colonizers

19
Q

what is quorum sensing

A

process of cell-cell communication of bacteria measuring density of species w/in an environment

20
Q

what is the purpose of quorum sensing

A

to synchronize behaviors that individual bacteria can’t perform alone

21
Q

what stimulates light production by enzyme luciferase

A

when a threshold concentration of an inducer is reached

22
Q

what is the signal molecule in gram negative bacteria

A

Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)

23
Q

what type of quorum sensing uses the same molecule for both a receeptor and regulater

A

Gram negative bacteria

24
Q

T/F all quorum sensing is species specific

A

F

25
Q

what is the signal molecule in gram positive quorum sensing

A

oligopeptide

26
Q

what type of quorum sensing involves peptides leaving the cell then binding to a receptor and activating a downstream repsonse/regulatory gene

A

gram positive bacteria

27
Q

what is the signal molecule used in quorum sensing of multiple species (non-species specific)

A

auto-inducer 2 (AI-2)

28
Q

T/f Quorum sensing triggers 1 specific process for all bacteria

A

F, triggers many different responses

29
Q

T/F Quorum sensing can trigger virulent genes liek toxins, proteases, and lysins

A

T

30
Q

How could you inhibit biofilm formation

A

Block quorum sensing, cuz quorum sensing triggers biofilm formation

31
Q

If you were to inhibit biofilm formation by inhibiting quorum sensing what would you attack ?

A
  • signalling molecules

- receptors

Micro (22 decks)

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