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Micro > Intro to Fungi > Flashcards

Intro to Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

fungi are _______ organisms and have a cell membrane that consists of ________

A

eukaryotic, ergosterol

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2
Q

what are most fungi’s classified by w/regards to their oqygen intake

A

strict aerobes, or facultative anaeorbes

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3
Q

funci that typically become pathogenic have what virulence factor

A

capable of living/growing at high temps (37 degrees C)

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4
Q

a unicellular fungi is referred to as a ________, whereas a multicellular fungi is called a ?

A

yeast, filamentous mold

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5
Q

a mass of hyphae in a mold is known as ?

A

mycelium

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6
Q

the cross walls in a mold are called _______, where as a mold without crosswalls is called ____?

A

septae, coenocytic

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7
Q

what does dimorphism mean

A

a pathogenic fungi that can exist as molds and yeast

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8
Q

what typically induces phase change in dimorphism

A

temperature

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9
Q

which stage of dimorphism tends to be more pathogenic and why ? what is the exception to this rule

A

yeasts tend to be more pathogenic because they can survive at high temperature (37)
-EXCEPTION - Candida is a mold form pathogen

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10
Q

more research on fungi is being conducted today for what 3 reasons

A
  • people die from fungal infections
  • profitable antifungal drugs
  • genome sequencing of fungi
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11
Q

fungi that become pathogenic can be encountered by what 2 broad mechanisms

A
  • incidental environmental contact

- normal flora (yeasts)

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12
Q

what are the main 2 host responses to eliminate fungal infections

A
  • neutrophils (phagocytosis)

- t cell mediated immunity

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13
Q

there are 3 types of mycoses, what are they

A

1 - endemic
2 - oppurtunistic
3 - Skin rashes (superficial cutaneous, or subcutaneous)

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14
Q

what are the 3 endemic fungal pathogens

A

histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
coccidiomycosis

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15
Q

what type of mycoses usually cause infections in clusters ?

A

endemic fungal pathogens

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16
Q

where is the “histo belt” for where histoplasmosos typically affects people

A

mid-southeastern US

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17
Q

what endemic pathogen causes reticuloendothelial system infection

A

histoplasmosis

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18
Q

where does endemic pathogen blastomycosis typically affect

A

Missisippi river vally and southeastern states

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19
Q

histoplasmosis and blastomycosis both cause what type of infections

A
  • pulmonary (pneumonia)

- disseminated infections (skin lesions)

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20
Q

the virulence of both histoplsamosis and blastomycosis is directly related due to the transformation to the yeast phase triggered by ?

A

warmer temperatures of the human body

21
Q

what is the endemic pathogen coccidiomycosis host range

A

dry southwest

22
Q

what are spherules and what endemic pathogen has them as a virulence factor

A

large ball of hundreds of endospores making the pathogen hard to kill
-coccidiomycosis

23
Q

what endemic pathogen results in desert rheumatism or valley fever

A

coccidiomycosis

24
Q

which endemic pathogen has the ability to cause disseminated infections, and chronic meningitis ?

A

coccidiomycosis

25
Q

treatment of endemic pathogens both have mechanisms that attack what specif part of fungal pathogens

A

ergosterol component of cell membranes

-cuz its specific to fungi so wont affect host

26
Q

what is the difference b/w polyenes and azoles as treatment for endemic pathogens

A

polyenes - form channels in ergosterol

azoles - mess up ergosterol synthesis

27
Q

oppurtunistic fungal infections are NOT true ______ ?

A

pathogens

28
Q

who do oppurtunistic mycoses affect

A

immunocomprimised patients

29
Q

what is the most frequent oppurtunistic fungal pathogen ? and what is unique about this compared to other fungi ?

A

Candida albicans

-pathogenic in mycelial/mold form

30
Q

how is candida albicans aquired by the host

A

its normal endogenous flora, only affects in immunocomprimised patients

31
Q

what are the symptoms of candidiasis

A

thrush (white milky lesions)

-diaper rash

32
Q

what are the 5 oppurtunistic pathogens

A 
candida
cryptococcosis
aspergillis
mucormycosis
pneumocystis
33
Q

which oppurtunistic pathogen produces melanin as a virulence factor which increases cell wall strength

A

cryptococcis

34
Q

in general, fungal pathogens that are inhaled cause what type of infection

A

pulmonary infection (pneumonia)

35
Q

what is the newest emerging oppurtunistic pathogen in the northwest states of the US

A

cryptococcus

36
Q

which oppurtunistic pathogen is known to be ubiquitous, but not part of the normal flora

A

aspergillis

37
Q

what are the 2 oppurtunistic pathogens found in normal skin flora

A

candida albicans and cryptococcus

38
Q

what oppurtunistic pathogen affects the lungs

A

aspergillis

39
Q

what opppurtunistic pathogen causes rhinocerebral form (diabetes patients) or disseminated pulmonary lesions

A

mucormycosis

40
Q

which oppurtunistic pathogen is confined ONLY to pulmonary spaces and cannot become disseminated

A

pneumocystis

41
Q

dermatophytes are characterized as what type of mycoses

A

rash causing fungi or superficial cutaneous

42
Q

seborrheic dermatitis and tinea versicolor are both the main outcomes of what type of mycosal pathogen

A

rash causing fungi or superficial cutaneous

43
Q

T/F dermatophytes are part of the normal skin flora

A

False

44
Q

what are the common name of dermatophyte skin infections

A

ringworm, athletes foot, jock itch, swamp ass

45
Q

what type of mycoses are known as “mycoses of immplantation”

A

subcutaneous mycoses (rash causing mycoses)

46
Q

what are the 2 types of rash causing mycosis

A

superficial cutaneous

subcutaneous

47
Q

most subcutaneous mycoses occur in what regions of the world

A

tropical areas

48
Q

What is the difference b/w antifungals allylamines and echinocandins

A

allylamines - blocks ergosterol synthesis

erchinocandins - block cell wall (NEW)

Micro (22 decks)

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