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spring 2015 > proceduresIII Test 1 > Flashcards

proceduresIII Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

How many are “true” vertebrae?

A

24

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1
Q

How many vertebra do we have early in life?

A

33

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2
Q

Which vertebrae are “false”? Why are they considered false vertebrae?

A

Sacral and coccygeal segments. They are fixed vertebrae. Sacral fuse into the sacrum and coccygeal form the coccyx.

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3
Q

The vertebral column is the ______ of the skeleton.

A

Central axis

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4
Q

What are the three functions of the vertebral column?

A

◾️encloses and protects spinal cord
◾️supports the trunk and skull
◾️provides muscle attachment

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5
Q

Lordotic curves _____ anteriorly.

A

Convex

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6
Q

Examples of lordotic curves?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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7
Q

Kyphotic curves ______ anteriorly.

A

Concave

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8
Q

Examples of Kyphotic curves.

A

Thoracic and pelvic

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9
Q

______ convex posteriorly.

A

Kyphotic

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10
Q

______ curves concave posteriorly.

A

Lordotic

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11
Q

What is a primary curve?

A

Present at birth

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12
Q

What parts of the spine are primary curves?

A

Thoracic and pelvic

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13
Q

What’s a secondary curve?

A

Curve that develops after birth as child grows and develops.

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14
Q

Which parts of the spine are secondary curves?

A

Lumbar and cervical

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15
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

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16
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

Posterior convexity of thoracic curve

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17
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Increase in anterior convexity of cervical or lumbar spines

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18
Q

What lies in between vertebral bodies?

A

Vertebral disks

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19
Q

What is the purpose of intervertebral disks?

A

Function as cushions

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20
Q

The center of each intervertebral disk is called:

A

Nucleus pulposus

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21
Q

What is a herniated disk/slipped disk?

A

The nucleus pulposus rupturing into vertebral canal

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22
Q

What causes slipped disks?

A

Improper body mechanics

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23
Q

Each typical vertebra has 2 main parts, what are they?

A

Body and vertebral arch

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24
Q

What parts of the vertebrae create the vertebral foramen?

A

Body and vertebral arch

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25
Q

What passes through the vertebral foramen?

A

Spinal cord

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26
Q

What special features do the Cervical vertebrae have? 2 answers

A

◾️Transverse foramina located on transverse process

◾️bifid spinous process except c7

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27
Q

What special feature do the thoracic vertebrae have?

A

Costal facets on posterior/lateral for articulation with head of ribs facet on transverse process for articulation with tubercle of ribs.

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28
Q

What special feature do the lumbar vertebrae have?

A

◾️pars interarticularis

◾️transverse process small than tspine

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29
Q

Where are the transverse processes located in relationship to the body of the vertebra?

A

They project laterally and a little posteriorly from junction of lamina and pedicles

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30
Q

What two pieces of anatomy create the transverse process? (pay lots of taxes)

A

Pedicles and lamina

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31
Q

Spinous process project how from the body of the vertebra?

A

Posteriorly and medially from pedicle

32
Q

What anatomy creates the spinous process?(like lots of snacks)

A

Lamina and lamina

33
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

34
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

35
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

36
Q

Another name for C1

A

Atlas

37
Q

Another name for C2

A

Axis

38
Q

Which three vertebrae are considered atypical?

A

C1 c2 C7

39
Q

Which cervical vertebrae does NOT have a body?

A

C1

40
Q

Another name for C7.

A

Vertebra promiens

41
Q

Why is C7 also known as vertebra promiens?

A

Because of its long prominent spinous process

42
Q

Which cervical vertebra has lateral masses?

A

Atlas/C1

43
Q

Which cervical vertebra has the dens?

A

C2/axis

44
Q

What joint is created by C1 and the occipital bone?

A

Atlantooccipital

45
Q

What is the name of the articulation between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the head of the ribs?

A

Costovertebral

46
Q

What is the articulation between the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra and tubercle of the rib?

A

Costotransverse

47
Q

The vertebral arch is formed by 2 _______ and 2 ______.

A

Pedicles and laminae

48
Q

The pedicles of the vertebra are located how in relationship to the body of the vertebra?

A

Project posterior part of body

49
Q

The concave regions of pedicles are called?

A

Vertebral notches

50
Q

Vertebral notches articulate with one another to form the?

A

Intervertebral foramina

51
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

Congenital condition in which laminar fail to fuse

52
Q

Superior and inferior articular processes come together to create what joint?

A

Zygapophyseal

53
Q

What is special about the lumbar vertebra transverse process?

A

Transverse processes are smaller than tspine

54
Q

What is the mammillary process of the lumbar vertebra?

A

Smoothly rounded projection on the back of each superior articulating process

55
Q

What is the accessory process of the lumbar vertebra?

A

Back of the root of the transverse process

56
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

Bony defect of pars interarticularis, May be unilateral or bilateral

57
Q

What is spondylotlisthesis?

A

Anterior displacement of one vertebra over another

58
Q

What vertebral region does spondylotlisthesis occur in?

A

Lumbar

59
Q

What is pars interarticularis?

A

Part of laminae between articular processes

60
Q

How many segments comprise the sacrum?

A

5

61
Q

Where is the sacrum located?

A

Wedged between iliac bones of the pelvis

62
Q

Is there a difference in male and female sacral curves?

A

Yes

63
Q

Which sacral curve is longer and more vertical?

A

Male

64
Q

Which sacral curve is more acutely curved and oblique?

A

Female

65
Q

What part of the sacrum will touch L5

A

Base

66
Q

The ridge the superior/anterior margin, near the base of the sacrum is called?

A

Sacral promontory

67
Q

What is the sacral canal?

A

Continuation of vertebral canal that’s part of the sacrum

68
Q

How many pairs of sacral foramina are there?

A

4

69
Q

What are sacral foramina for?

A

Passage of sacral nerves and blood vessels

70
Q

Where is the ala of the sacrum located?

A

Each side of sacral base

71
Q

What is the purpose of the auricular surface?

A

Large articular process for articulation with similarly shaped processes on the iliac bones of the pelvis

72
Q

The apex of the sacrum has a facet for articulation with what structures?

A

Coccyx and sacral cornua

73
Q

⏩What are sacral cornua? What are coccygeal cornua?

A

Process projected posteriorly on the sacrum

74
Q

How many segments make up the coccyx?

A

3-5 normally 4

75
Q

Does the coccyx have an apex and a base?

A

Yes

76
Q

What does the superior articular process of the sacrum articulate with?

A

Inferior articular process of last lumbar vertebra.

77
Q

Remember there will be an entire spine diagram as part of the test

A

◾️anatomy

◾️joints

spring 2015 (43 decks)

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