physics chapter 2 test

Question 0

What was Democritus Theory?

Answer 0

◾️First earliest theory
◾️All things were made of tiny, indivisible structures called atoms
◾️Atoms were indestructible and different in size and shape
◾️theorized that the nature of the object depended on its atoms (sweet=smooth atoms, bitter= sharp atoms)

Question 1

The word atom comes from?

Answer 1

The Greek word “atomos” meaning indivisible.

Question 2

What was John Dalton’s theory?

Answer 2

◾️elements combined to form compounds
◾️all elements compose of tiny indivisible and indestructible particles
◾️atoms were unique to each element in size and mass
◾️chemical reaction was a rearrangement of atoms
◾️chemist who developed the theory that elements combined in definite proportions to form compounds

Question 3

Dmitri Mendeleev’s work

Answer 3

Organized known elements into the periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass and having similar properties

Question 4

What was Joseph John Thomson’s discovery?

Answer 4

Electrons

Question 5

What was Niels Bohr’s work?

Answer 5

Refined Rutherford’s work bringing us to the theory and model of the atom we are familiar with

Question 6

What is the modern atomic theory?

Answer 6

The atom is the building block of matter. Bohr’s theory describes an atom as having three fundamental properties

Question 7

Each atom has a nucleus… What is the nucleus made of?

Answer 7

Protons and neutrons

Question 8

Describe a proton

Answer 8

Positively charged and has a mass of 1.673x10^-27 kg

Question 9

Describe the neutron

Answer 9

No electrical charge and a mass of 1.675x10^-27

Question 10

What’s the difference between the proton and neutron?

Answer 10

Proton has a positive charge and a neutron has no electrical charge. Also slight mass difference

Question 11

Describe the electron

Answer 11

Negative electrical charge and a mass of 9.109x10^-31

Question 12

Know the technical aspect behind a neutral atom?

Answer 12

Equal number of protons and neutrons. It has no electrical charge since the positive and negative will cancel eachother out.

Question 13

What happens if the balance of an atom is disrupted?

Answer 13

Charge becomes positive if there are more protons or negative if there are more electrons. The atom will either gain or lose an electron

Question 14

What is a negative ion?

Answer 14

The gaining of an extra electron making a negative electrical charge

Question 15

What is a positive ion

Answer 15

Atom losing an electron. The positive charge will out number the negative charge creating a net positive charge

Question 16

What is binding energy

Answer 16

A force of attraction that holds the nucleus of an atom together and holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus

Question 17

What is binding energy a measure of?

Answer 17

The amount of energy necessary to split an Atom

Question 18

What are electron shells

Answer 18

Defined energy level at a distance from the nucleus within which electrons orbit. This describes a sphere around the nucleus

Question 19

How are the electron shells labeled

Answer 19

K(nearest nucleus) moving outward with L M N O P and so on

Question 20

How does the electron shell fill?

Answer 20

K shell outward with outermost shells not necessarily filling completely

Question 21

How many electrons can the 1st shell hold?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Which shell has the greatest binding energy?

Answer 22

K

Question 23

What’s a valence shell?

Answer 23

Outermost shell of an atom

Question 24

What’s an atomic number?

Answer 24

Number of protons it contains in its nucleus

Question 25

What’s the atomic mass number

Answer 25

The number of protons and neutrons an atom has in its nucleus

Question 26

What’s a molecule?

Answer 26

Formed when two or more atoms join together

◾️fixed ratios of each type of constituent atom resulting in the predictable mass

Question 27

What’s a compound

Answer 27

Molecule that contains at least two different elements. Combination of elements in definite proportions

Question 28

What are 2 primary ways atoms bond?

Answer 28

Ionic and covalent bond

Question 29

What is ionic bonding based upon

Answer 29

The attraction of opposite charges

Question 30

What is covalent bonding based on?

Answer 30

Two atoms sharing electrons that then orbit the nuclei