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spring 2015 > Patient Care Fall 14/15 > Flashcards

Patient Care Fall 14/15 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the urinary meatus?

A

External urethral orifice, opening of urethra on body surface through which urine is discharged

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2
Q

How is the small intestine attached to the abdomen

A

Mesentary posterior wall

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3
Q

Slowness of the heartbeat as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less that 60 bpm

A

Bradycardia

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4
Q

Profuse sweating

A

Diaphoresis

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5
Q

The normal pulse rate for resting adult

A

60-100 bpm

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6
Q

Normal pulse rate for a child under 10

A

70-120 bpm

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7
Q

Absence of gas from part or the whole lungs as a result of failure of expansion IR reabsorption of gas from alveoli

A

Atelectasis

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8
Q

Vital signs consist of?

A

Heart beat, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate

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9
Q

How do you obtain tympanic temperature?

A

Place electronic thermometer in ear and wait three minutes

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10
Q

When is a pt said to be in tachypnea?

A

Greater than 20 breaths per minute

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11
Q

Oral body temperature ranges from?

A

97.7-99.5 F
or
36.5 to 37.5 C

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12
Q

Normal respirations in adult?

A

12-20

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13
Q

Normal respirations in children under 10

A

20-30

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14
Q

Normal respirations in infants

A

30-60

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15
Q

How to deal with substance abusers?

A

Asses capabilities, establish communication, wait to work until cooperative, restrain if necessary

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15
Q

Reduction of oxygen supply to tissue

A

Hypoxia

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16
Q

Average body temperature in fahrenheight and Celsius

A

98.6 F and 37C

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17
Q

What should a healthy adults blood pressure read?

A

120/80 mmHg

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18
Q

Exams that use oil based contrast

A

Bronchography, sialography, dacryocystography, lymphography

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19
Q

Viscosity is influenced by

A

Concentration and size of the molecule

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20
Q

What’s demonstrated on left lateral decubitus

A

Up lateral side of ascending colon and medial side of descending colon when colon is inflated with air

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21
Q

What is demonstrated on right lateral decubitus

A

Up medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon with colon inflated with air

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22
Q

What’s the CR for AP axial sigmoid

A

30-40 degrees cephalic MSP and 2 inches below ASIS

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23
Q

Ballooning of lower end of ureter into bladder

A

Ureterocele

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24
Q

Inflammation of bladder

A

Cystitis

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25
Q

CR for PA axial sigmoid

A

30-40 caudal MSP and ASIS

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26
Q

CR for nephrotogram

A

Centered to IR at level of angle of ribs

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27
Q

Abnormal concentration of mineral salts/stone

A

Calcuolous

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28
Q

Abnormal connection between 2 internal organs or between an organ and body structure

A

Fistula

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29
Q

Inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis

A

Pyelonephritis

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30
Q

Dissension of renal pelvis and calyces with urine

A

Hydronephrosis

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31
Q

What and where is the hilum? (Abdominal)

A

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ureters connect or attach to kidneys
-medial border

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32
Q

Level of kidneys and where each lies I’m different body habitus

A

Sthenic-T12-L3
asthenic- lower
Hypersthenic-higher

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33
Q

Kidney movement with respiration and from supine to upright

A

Respiration-about 1 inch

More Aprox 2” from supine to upright

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34
Q

CR for AP oblique projection

A

Perpendicular to crest and 1-2” lateral to midline of elevated side

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35
Q

CR for PA oblique projections

A

Perpendicular to crest and 2” lateral from MSP on elevated side

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36
Q

What are the primary mechanisms that maintain homeostasis?

A

Vital signs

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37
Q

What are the sacred seven?

A 
Localization
Chronology
Quality 
Severity 
Onset
Aggregating of alleviating factors 
Associated manifestations
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38
Q

CR right lateral UGI upright and recumbent

A

Recumbent-centered to IR level at L1-L2 (1-2 above lower rib margin)

Upright- centered to IR level of L3

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39
Q

Type of catheter used on enteroclysis exams

A

Bibaor or sellinktube stiff guide wire

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40
Q

PA Oblique RAO image demonstrates

A

Right colic flexure, ascending colon, sigmoid colon

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41
Q

Where IR is centered for AP UGI

A

Level midway between xiphoid and lower rib margin

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42
Q

The degree of rotation for PA oblique UGI

A

40-70

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43
Q

Supine and prone positions of the stomach demonstrate

A

Supine-barium filled stomach and visualization of retrogastric portions of duodenum and jejunum
Prone- compress abdominal contents

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44
Q

How each kidney is positioned when rotated 30 degrees

A

Lower kidney is perpendicular and upper kidney lies parallel to IR

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45
Q

What’s the purpose of the ARRT

A

Encourage study and evaluating the standards of Radiologic Technology. Examining and certifying. Eligible candidates and periodically publishing a listing of registrants

46
Q

Diagnostic agents that are instilled into body offices or injected into the vascular system, joints, ducts to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas where low contrast exist

A

Contrast media

47
Q

Death ranking of nosocomial infections in the US

A

8th

48
Q

Normal creatnine and bun levels

A

Creatine .6-1.5mg

Bun- 8-25 mg

49
Q

Description of the character of symptoms

Color, quality and consistency of blood or other substances

A

Quality

50
Q

When do you use contact precautions

A

When caring for patients infected with virolent pathogens that spread by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with a contaminated object

51
Q

Standard precautions incorporates

A

Features of both body fluid precautions and body substance isolation

52
Q

Percent of patients that acquire nosocomial infections

A

5%

53
Q

6 steps for establishment of infectious disease

A 
Encounter
Entry
Spread
Multiplication 
Damage 
Outcome
54
Q

What is best demonstrated on AP oblique LPO

A

Right colic flexure, ascending colon, sigmoid

55
Q

Best demonstrated on AP oblique RPO

A

Left colic flexure, descending colon

56
Q

CR for AP oblique positions

A

Perpendicular to crest and 2 inches lateral to midline of elevated side

57
Q

Stabilizing agents added to barium

A

Sodium carbonate

Sodium citrate

58
Q

IVP CR for AP projection

A

Perpendicular at level of crests

59
Q

IVP CR for separate bladder

A

2-3 above symphysis pubis

60
Q

CR for left lateral rectum

A

Perpendicular to MCP and ASIS

61
Q

Where IR is centered for left lateral rectum

A

At ASIS

62
Q

CR for cross table lateral large intestine

A

Horizontal tube perpendicular to MCP and crest

63
Q

CR for PA large intestine

A

Perpendicular to MSP and crest

64
Q

IR centered for PA UGI projection

A

MSP center to IR

IR 1-2 above angle of ribs

65
Q

Used as incubator for premature infants. Provides controlled temperature and humidity and an oxygen supply

A

Isolette

66
Q

Resembling serum, having thin watery constitution; body fluids that are typically pale yellow, benign nature, that fill inside of body cavities

A

Serous

67
Q

Resulting from activities of physician

A

Iatrogenic

68
Q

Order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A 
Physiological 
Safety
Belongingness and love 
Esteem 
Know and understand 
Aesthetic 
Self actualization
Transcendence
69
Q

Object that can harbor pathogenic micro organisms and transmit infection

A

Fomite

70
Q

Alternate or passive host or carrier that harbors pathogenic organisms, without injury to self, and serves as source from which other individuals can be infected

A

Reservoir

71
Q

Viral particle that starts infection

A

Virion

72
Q

Measure of the total numbers of particles in solution per kilogram of water

A

Osmolality

73
Q

What is demonstrated on AP large intestine

A

Entire colon with pt supine

74
Q

Pt position for AP axial sigmoid

A

Supine

75
Q

What is best demonstrated on AP axial sigmoid

A

Rectrosigmoid

76
Q

How to make sure patient holds still on AP oblique projections

A

Use sponge

77
Q

Where to center IR at for lateral decubitus image

A

Crest

78
Q

IR placement for upright LI

A

Perpendicular to MSP and 1-2 in below crest

79
Q

Why cross table LI is done last?

A

Tip needs to be removed to see rectum

80
Q

What’s best demonstrated on a cross table lateral? Li

A

Up posterior portion of colon

81
Q

Patient position of cross table lateral

A

Prone right or left side against the IR

82
Q

Marker placement for decubitus

A

Top of IR

83
Q

Function of air medium

A

Distend lumen of bowel

84
Q

Describe 3 steps of 2 stage double contrast BE

A

Fill colon with barium. Pt evacuates barium and returns to table. Air is injected into colon and radiographs are obtained

85
Q

Most important factor of BE exam

A

Colon must be clean

86
Q

What must be done to include entire colon on AP/PA and how IR is placed

A

2 images crosswise

87
Q

What type of barium is used and why this specific barium is used?

A

Hugh density barium sulfate. Absorb greater percentage of radiation similar to older thick barium products

88
Q

Length of BE tubing

A

Approximately 6 feet

89
Q

What PA demonstrates

A

Entire colon with patient in prone position

90
Q

What is best demonstrated on PA axial sigmoid

A

Rectrosigmoid area

91
Q

Degree of obliquity for oblique projections LI

A

35-45

92
Q

What must be centered to grid or table on left lateral rectum

A

MCP centered to table

93
Q

Purpose of flexing patients knees on left lateral rectum

A

Provides support

94
Q

What is demonstrated on left lateral rectum

A

Rectum and distal portion of sigmoid

95
Q

What portions of colon may not be included on left lateral rectum?

A

Superior portion

96
Q

What contrast is used if perforation or leak is suspected?

A

Water soluble iodinated contrast

97
Q

Patient Prep for LI

A

Dietary restrictions, bowel cleansing enema, laxatives, npo after light evening meal

98
Q

Purpose of squeezable balloon inflater

A

Helps pt to hold catheter in place

99
Q

What’s the enema bag capacity

A

3 quarts (3000ml)

100
Q

Method used for filling large intestine

A

Retrograde filling

101
Q

Warm BE temperature range

A

85-90 degrees

102
Q

Success of be depends on

A

Pt cooperation

103
Q

Purpose of relaxing abdominal muscles throughout the BE exam

A

Prevent intraabdominal pressure, cramping, and colon spasms

104
Q

Purpose of deep oral breathing

A

Reduces incidence of spasms and cramping

105
Q

Patient position for insertion of enema tip

A

Sims

106
Q

Height enema bag is placed

A

No more than 24 inches above the anus

107
Q

How to get air out of tubing

A

Run barium into the sink

108
Q

What respiration phase tip should be inserted on and why

A

Expiration abdominal muscles and sphincter are mOre relaxed

109
Q

How far tip should be inserted

A

No more than 4”

110
Q

Respiration phase for BE images

A

Suspended

111
Q

How lining is coated on double contrast be

A

Pt slowly rotates 360 degrees

112
Q

2 methods of examining large intestine

A

Single contrast and double contrast

spring 2015 (43 decks)

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