35. Intro to immunity part 4

Question 1

tell me about the adaptive/acquired immmune response eg. time, cells etc.

Answer 1

slower response (days)
immunological memory
specific
B cells and T cells (Th and Tc)

Question 2

where do B cells mature

Answer 2

bone marrow

Question 3

what type of adaptive immune response are B cells important in

Answer 3

humoral immune response

Question 4

what do B cells produce

Answer 4

antibodies

Question 5

primary lymphoid tissue is what and what is it the site of

Answer 5

thymus and bone marrow
It is the site of leukocyte development

Question 6

Secondary lymphoid tissue is what and what is it the site of

Answer 6

spleen, lymph nodes and MALT
site where adaptive immune response initiated

Question 7

antibodies/immunoglobulins are produced by which cells

Answer 7

B cells and plasma cells

Question 8

do antibodies bind specifically

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what are the 2 types of chains on an antibody

Answer 9

heavy and light

Question 10

unlike B cells, T cells can only recognise …… antigens

Answer 10

peptide

Question 11

what are the 2 types of chain on a T cell antigen receptor

Answer 11

alpha and beta

Question 12

T cells can ONLY recognise peptide antigens presented to their TCRs by what molecules

Answer 12

MHC molecules

Question 13

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules
Also referred to as …..

Answer 13

HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigens)

Question 14

what are the 2 major classes of MHC

Answer 14

I and II

Question 15

Class I MHC present to which T cells

Answer 15

CD8+T cells

Question 16

Class II MHC present to which T cells

Answer 16

CD4+ T cells

Question 17

where do T cells mature

Answer 17

Thymus

Question 18

what are Naive T cells

Answer 18

never been activated

Question 19

can macrophages present to Naive T cells

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

• Naive T Cells and B Cells use the process of Transendothelial Migration to enter Lymph Nodes from where

Answer 20

High Endothelial Venules (HEV

Question 21

TNFa stimulates Dendritic Cells to digest ingested proteins and display small peptides derived from these on their cell surface in complex aka what, to go an present to T cells

Answer 21

MHC-I and MHC-II molecules

Question 22

Once activated, B cells clonally proliferate and differentiate into two different types of effector cells:

Answer 22

Plasma cells and memory B cells

Question 23

after B cells are activated and proliferate into Plasma cells and memory B cells. what do those two do

Answer 23

• Plasma cells - produce and secrete soluble, antigen-specific antibodies
  • Memory B cells - long lived cells that continue to circulate around the body

Question 24

B cells need to receive how many signals to become fully activated and clonally proliferate in response to protein antigens

Answer 24

2

Question 25

B cells need to receive two signals to become fully activated and clonally proliferate in response to protein antigens. what are the 2 signals

Answer 25

1. Antigen 2. ‘Helping’ signal (co-stimulation) i think from a Th cell

Question 26

I'm putting this in for extra info on the differentiation into plasma cells

Answer 26

B cells -> plasma cells -> antigen specific antibodies -> go to bind to pathogen

Question 27

initially what low affinity antibody is secreted and then after B cells mutate they switch to high affinity antibody....?

Answer 27

IgM to IgG

Question 28

what is it called when you change the antibody

Answer 28

class switching

Question 29

B cells present MCH II to present to Tfh Cells. what are Tfc cells and what is their main function

Answer 29

T follicular helper cells which stimulate the B cells germinal centre to start to proliferate, differentiate and secrete antibodies

Question 30

T follicular helper cells are a subset of what

Answer 30

CD4+ helper T cells

Question 31

on an antibody, what is the top section comprised of

Answer 31

constant and variable regions

Question 32

on an antibody, what is the bottom section comprised of

Answer 32

contains only constant regions

Question 33

the constant regions on an antibody determines what

Answer 33

the class and mediates the immune interactions

Question 34

the variable regions on an antibody determines what

Answer 34

the unique regions for binding specific antigens

Question 35

the top part of the antibody structure is called

Answer 35

Fab

Question 36

the bottom part of the antibody is called the

Answer 36

Fc

Question 37

name the types of chains on an antibody and where

Answer 37

heavy and light - heavy is the bottom part and the inside bottom part of the top part. the light chain is the outside bottom part of the top part

Question 38

which Ig is pentameric

Answer 38

IgM

Question 39

what does IgM do

Answer 39

present in plasma and secretory fluids and cause Agglutination (Immune complex formation)and complement system activation - classical pathway

Question 40

which class presents to CD8+

Answer 40

MCH I

Question 41

which class presents to CD4+

Answer 41

MCH II

Question 42

what is the most abundant antibody in the plasma

Answer 42

IgG

Question 43

what Ig is second most abundent in the plasma

Answer 43

IgA

Question 44

what antibody is the second to respond in an immune response

Answer 44

IgG

Question 45

what is the function of IgG

Answer 45

dominant type during secondary response and foetal immunity (placental transfer), complement activation, NK cell activation, neutalisation

Question 46

which antibody is in mucus and breast milk

Answer 46

IgA

Question 47

describe the function of IgA

Answer 47

monomer in serum dimer in secretory fluid neonatal defense in breast milk, mucus and tears

Question 48

what does IgD do

Answer 48

monomer B cell activation

Question 49

describe the properties of IgE

Answer 49

monomer least abundent produced in allergic response

Question 50

what antibody is produced in response to allergy

Answer 50

IgE

Question 51

which antibodies are involved in opsinisation

Answer 51

IgG and IgM

Question 52

CD4+ TH1 cells secrete

Answer 52

IL-2 and IFNy (cytokines)

Question 53

macrophages secrete what IL

Answer 53

IL1

Question 54

TH2 cells secrete what

Answer 54

IL 4,5 and 6 whic promotes B cell rolifertation

Question 55

name a cytotoxic T cell

Answer 55

CD8+

Question 56

what do CD8+ T cells do

Answer 56

activated by MHC I kill virally infected cells

Question 57

which cells kill protozoa

Answer 57

eosinophils