4G. Embryology - Foregut

Question 1

what is the embryological layer that made the endothelium linig of the digestive tract and parenchyma of glands (e.g. hepatocytes)

Answer 1

endoderm

Question 2

what embryonical layer made the connective tissue for glands, muscle and peritoneal components of the gut wall

Answer 2

visceral mesoderm

Question 3

what day does body folding commence

Answer 3

day 22 - formation of the gut

Question 4

dorsal mesentery is made from what

Answer 4

visceral mesoderm

Question 5

what is the gut split into

Answer 5

foregut, midgut, hindgut

Question 6

superior mesenteric artery belongs to …?

Answer 6

midgut

Question 7

inferior mesenteric gut tube belongs to…?

Answer 7

hindgut

Question 8

what does the mesentery do

Answer 8

connects the gut tube to the back wall for your stomach at 5 weeks old (this is the dorsal mesentery)

Question 9

where does the ventral mesentry come from

Answer 9

the septum transversum

Question 10

when your liver starts to grow it splits your ventral mesentery in two. name the 2

Answer 10

ventral mesogastrium
falciform ligament

Question 11

what does the ventral mesogastrium turn into

Answer 11

lesser omentum

Question 12

what does the falciform ligament do

Answer 12

attaches liver to ventral body wall

Question 13

when does the oesophagus lengthen

Answer 13

when the heart and lungs develop and move downwards

Question 14

when does the lung bud appear as an outgrowth from the ventral foregut

Answer 14

week 4

Question 15

when does the stomach form

Answer 15

week 4

Question 16

what does the stomach start as

Answer 16

a fusiform dilation

Question 17

which wall forms the lesser and greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 17

ventral wall - lesser
dorsal wall - greater
bc the dorsal wall is faster

Question 18

what are the longitudinal mesentery changes with stomach rotation

Answer 18

moves the dorsal mesogastrium to the left creating the omental bursa

pulls lesser omentum to the right

Question 19

what is the omental bursa

Answer 19

space behind the stomach

Question 20

what are the anteroposterior mesentery changes with stomach rotation

Answer 20

the dorsal mesogastrium bulges down and grows further to form the greater omentum

Question 21

Where is the duodenum

Answer 21

foregut and midgut

Question 22

as the stomach rotates where does the duodenum move to

Answer 22

to the right side of the abdominal cavity

Question 23

which parts of the duodenum become retroperitoneal

Answer 23

parts 2 and 3 (attached to the body wall)

Question 24

liver bud appears when?

Answer 24

week 4

Question 25

where does the liver bud penetrate

Answer 25

septum transversum

Question 26

the connection between the liver bud and the foregut narrows to create what

Answer 26

bile duct

Question 27

a ventral outgrowth from the bile duct forms what two things

Answer 27

gall bladder and cystic duct

Question 28

what is hepatic sinusoids made from

Answer 28

liver cords, vitelline and umbilical veins

Question 29

liver cords differentiate into what

Answer 29

liver cells (parechyma) and lining of bilary ducts (endoderm derived)

Question 30

The liver is the principal blood-forming organ of the fetus between the which months of gestation.

Answer 30

2nd and 7th

Question 31

when do hepatic cells start to form bile

Answer 31

12th week

Question 32

the septum transversum contributes ......what cells

Answer 32

hematopoietic, Kupffer and connective tissue cells (mesoderm derived)

Question 33

what are the 2 buds formed off the endodermal lining of the duodenum

Answer 33

ventral pancreatic bud and dorsal pancreatic bud

Question 34

what does the ventral pancreatic bud do

Answer 34

forms the uncinate process and inferior part of the head

Question 35

what does the dorsal pancreatic bud do

Answer 35

forms the rest of the pancreas

Question 36

Duodenum rotation moves the which pancreatic bud below the which.

Answer 36

ventral below dorsal pancreatic bud

Question 37

what is an annular pancreas

Answer 37

abnormality where the ventral pancreatic bud encircles the duodenum and leads to constriction/occlusion

Question 38

when does the spleen appear in the dorsal mesogastrium

Answer 38

4th week

Question 39

when does the structure actually differentiate into the spleen

Answer 39

5th week

Question 40

what is the spleen derived from

Answer 40

mesoderm

Question 41

where is the spleen

Answer 41

left side