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First Year > 9. Circulatory System > Flashcards

9. Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 fluids are in the circulatory system

A

Blood and lymph

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2
Q

what does the circulatory system do?

A

transports fluid (blood and lymph), distributes gases and molecules, chemical signalling, mediates inflammation and defense response, carries waste product from cells.

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3
Q

what 2 systems are in the circulatory system

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic

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4
Q

what are the 3 main components of the cardiovascular systems

A

arterial system, heart and venous system

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5
Q

the heart acts as what…

A

the pump

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6
Q

arteries carry blood where

A

away from the heart

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7
Q

veins carry blood where

A

towards the heart

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8
Q

what are the main 2 types of circulation in the CVS

A

pulmonary and systemic

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9
Q

name the order of the pulmonary system

A

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk which splits in to pulmonary arteries (x2), lungs, pulmonary veins(4), left atrium

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10
Q

Name the order of the systemic system

A

left ventricle, aorta, capillary bed, vena cavae (x2)(superior and inferior)

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11
Q

how many layers does the heart have

A

3

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12
Q

name the 3 layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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13
Q

which layer is the epicardium of the heart

A

outer layer

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14
Q

what surrounds the epicardium

A

pericardium

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15
Q

what is the middle layer of the heart called

A

myocardium

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16
Q

what is the myocardium made of

A

muscle

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17
Q

what is the internal layer of the heart called

A

endocardium

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18
Q

the endocardium is continuous with…

A

tunica intima of blood vessels connecting with heart

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19
Q

how many chambers in the heart

A

4

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20
Q

which chambers hold deoxygenated blood

A

right atrium and ventricle

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21
Q

which chamber is on the posterior surface of the heart

A

left atrium

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22
Q

which chamber is on the anterior surface of the heart

A

right ventricle

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23
Q

name the large blood vessels of the heart

A

superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta

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24
Q

what do valves ensure

A

uni-directional blood flow

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25
how many valves in the heart
4
26
name the 2 atrioventricular valves
tricuspid and Mitral(bicuspid)
27
tricuspid valve is where
between right Atrium and Ventricle
28
name the 2 valves which are at the ventricle and leaving vessel
pulmonary valve and aortic valve
29
where does an electrical impulse start in the heart
sinoatrial node
30
impulse travels from sinoatrial node to where
AV node
31
where is the AV node
atrioventricular septum
32
after the impulse gets to the AV node at the AV septum where does it go
right and left bundles at the interventricular septum
33
how does the impulse spread from the interventricular septum to the myocardium
conducting fibers causing both ventricles to contract
34
Blood vessels have how many layers
3
35
name the blood vessel layers
tunica- intima, media, adventitia
36
what is the tunica intima layer
endothelium
37
what is the tunica media layer
smooth muscle and elastic
38
what is the tunica adventitia layer
connective tissue
39
which part of a blood vessel varies the most
tunica media
40
tunica media is thicker in which blood vessels and why
arteries, they carry blood at high pressure
41
arteries give rise to what structure
arterioles
42
what shape is arteries lumen
round
43
arteries carry oxygenated blood apart from which artery
pulmonary artery
44
usually part of a NVB. what is NVB
neurovascular bundle
45
do arteries divide
yes
46
what is the terminology of arteries dividing
bifurcate or trifurcate/ split into branches
47
when an artery is termed as 'common' or 'trunk' what does this indicate
division
48
what part of the heart cycle does the aorta receive blood
systole
49
what do the walls do to accommodate the high pressure blood
elastic walls expand
50
elastic recoil maintains what
peripheral flow during diastole
51
how many parts in the aorta
4
52
name the 4 parts of the aorta
ascending, arch, descending thoracic, descending abdominal
53
the arch of the aorta divides into how many branches
3
54
name the 3 aorta arch branches
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
55
the brachiocephalic trunk is where and splits into what
head and neck, right common carotid artery and right subclavian
56
where does the left subclavian artery branch to
thoracic and abdominal organs
57
the left subclavian artery becomes....
left axillary artery
58
left axillary artery becomes....
left brachial artery
59
brachial artery bifurcates anterior to elbow joint into 2 branches what are they called
left radial artery and left ulnar artery
60
the abdominal aorta bifurcates to become what
common iliac arteries
61
common iliac arteries bifurcate to become....
internal and external iliac arteries
62
internal iliac arteries supply which area
pelvis and perineum
63
external iliac artery supplies ...
lower limb
64
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the neck
carotid pulse
65
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the anterior to elbow joint
brachial pulse
66
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the palmar of the wrist
radial pulse
67
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse which is the continuation of external iliac artery
femoral artery
68
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse posterior to knee joint
popliteal artery
69
what is an anastomoses
communication between arteries like alternative pathways
70
what is an anastomoses in the brain
circle of willis
71
what is the name of the arteries that are the only supply to a given area
end arteries
72
give an example of an end artery
coronary artery
73
what are venae comitanates
small veins that run in parallel or with arteries
74
veins can either be deep or .....
superficial
75
what are the 2 venous systems
portal and systemic
76
what is the systemic venous system
drains blood from other organs into the inferior and superior vena cava
77
what is the portal venous system
drains blood from GI Tract and associated organs to the liver
78
how many layers of endothelium cells are in capillaries
single layer
79
lymphatic vessels carry lymph through what
lymph nodes
80
lymphatic fluid contains what to fight infection and cancer
WBCs
81
where is lymph returned when collected from the right quadrant of the body in the right lymphatic duct
right venous angle
82
what is the biggest lymph vessel
lymphatic duct
83
all the lymph in 3/4 of the body is transported where
left venous angle

First Year (83 decks)

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