Middle Ages-the Town and Religion and Normans Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the high street

A

This was the only street that was paved or lined with wood and only important buildings were along the high street

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1
Q

What was a toll

A

This was a tax that traders had to pay at the town gates

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2
Q

What was a curfew

A

This was the time that all fires had to be out by in the town, because houses were made of wood they were strict on fire safety

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3
Q

What and where was the annual fair

A

It was held on the fair green outside the town walls and it lasted about three weeks, merchants came from all over the world and craftspeople bought materials, there was also entertainments

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4
Q

Tell me about sewers in the Middle Ages

A

There were none and there was only an open drain that ran down the middle of the street

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5
Q

What was leprosy

A

This was a disease, sores broke out all over people’s body and lepors were not allowed to mix with other people. It was a skin disease

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6
Q

When did the Black Death start

A

1347

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7
Q

How many people died from the plague

A

About one third of the population

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8
Q

Where did the bubonic plague come from

A

Fleas on black rats

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9
Q

Who died the most from the bubonic plague. What class?

A

The rich people as they lived in the city and the city was a dirty filthy place

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10
Q

What was a charter

A

A charter was a legal document in which the king agreed to let a town run its own affairs. Under the charter the townspeople would elect a council to run the town

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11
Q

Who were the rulers of the town

A

The members of the guilds

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12
Q

What was a guild

A

An organisation that every craft person had to belong to each craft had a guild

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13
Q

What is a craftsperson

A

A person who has learnt a craft. Ex: weaver/carpenter

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14
Q

How did each guild regulate its trade

A

They set examinations to make sure craft people were good at their craft.
Set standards of work and decent wages
It looked after sick members and paid for their funeral
Women were only allowed become members if their husband died and they wanted to continue on the craft

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15
Q

What were the stages of becoming a craftsperson

A

Apprentice, journeyman and master

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16
Q

What age did you become an apprentice and what did you do

A

You became an apprentice at 12 years of age, and stayed an apprentice for seven years and he had to learn the trade. The apprentice worked without pay

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17
Q

What was a journey man

A

An apprentice became a journeyman after seven years and was paid to work. He could leave his master and travel around looking for better wages, ex. We know masons travelled all over Europe and built churches

18
Q

What did a master do and how did you become one

A

To become a master you had to create a masterpiece. Then you could have your own workshop and sell goods in the town. Along with the masterpiece you had to pay a lot of money to the guild. Most journeymen didn’t become masters as they couldn’t afford it.

19
Q

What was the main religion in Western Europe during the Middle Ages

A

Christian

20
Q

What were the duties of the parish priest

A
Say mass
To teach people about Christianity
Gave them sacraments
Performed funerals
They also sometimes taught the lords children, also he helped them with legal documents, as the priest was usually the only one who was educated in the town
21
Q

What were parishes grouped into

A

Dioceses

22
Q

Who ruled over the diocese

A

Bishop

23
Q

Who ruled over all of the dioceses

A

The pope

24
Q

Why did people build church buildings in the Middle Ages

A

They did this to honour their God and also to show how rich and powerful they were.

25
Q

What were the two styles of church buildings

A

Romanesque and gothic

26
Q

Describe a Romanesque church (characteristics)

A

A square towers
Round arches
Thick round columns
Dark interior

27
Q

Describe a gothic church (characteristics)

A
Spires
Pointed arches
Slim columns
Stained glass windows
Stone Statues
Flying buttresses
28
Q

What were flying butteresses

A

They used them to hold up the roof rather than using thick walls, this allowed them to build huge windows

29
Q

What did the Normans bring to Ireland in the 1200s

A

The feudal system

30
Q

Where were the Normans from

A

They descended from Vikings and settled in Normandy France.

31
Q

How did the Normans come to Ireland

A

The king of Leinster Dermot McMurrough invited the Normans to Ireland. He wanted them to help him defeat the other kings and make himself high king of Ireland.

32
Q

Who was the head of the monastries

A

Abbot or abbess

33
Q

What was the church

A

This was where the monks prayed seven times each day

34
Q

What was the dormitory

A

Where the monks slept

35
Q

What were the cloisters

A

The cloisters were where the monks walked and prayed

36
Q

What was the chapter house

A

This was where monks met to discuss business and to elect the abbot

37
Q

What was the infirmary

A

This was where the sick were nursed

38
Q

What was the library

A

This was where the monks studied sometimes the scriptorium was in the library

39
Q

What was the guesthouse

A

Where the hosteller gave food to poor and travellers

40
Q

When a boy joined a monastry what was hé called and what did he do

A

A novice and they learned the rules to see if this life suited him and then if the abbot thought he would make a good monk he let him takes solemn vows

41
Q

What were solemn vows

A

These were promises of poverty (must not own anything) chastity (must not marry) and obedience

42
Q

What way did monks wear their hair

A

Their hair was cut into a tonsure. This was a bald patch in the middle of his head. This showed he was a monk