Cromwellian Platation and results of planations Flashcards
What were the two side in the civil war in England that led to the cromwellian plantation in ireland
Those who supported the King were called Royalists and those who supported the parliament were called Parliamentarians
Briefly sum up the who was the leader of each side in the civil war in England and when was it.
In 1641 England was involved in a Civil War between King Charles I and his Parliament, led by Sir Oliver Cromwell.
What was the 1641 rebellion
The civil war encouraged the native Irish to rebel against the Planters and recover their lost lands. The rebellion began in Ulster in 1641 and spread to the rest of the country.
Why did Cromwell come to Ireland after the 1641 rebellion
The death figures of Protestants were hugely exaggerated in England with many English believing that almost a 200,000, 1/5 of the population, all Protestants had been killed. It is believed that between 4000-12000 died. This created a desire to avenge the deaths as soon as the civil war was over.
What happened at Drogheda during the cromwellian plantation
In 1649 Cromwell’s’ New Army landed in Ringsend and marched to Drogheda where the town refused to surrender. Cromwell massacred the whole town. When the same thing happened a few weeks later to the town of Wexford a clear message had been sent to other Irish towns.
Explain the act of settlement
This was that people had to prove they had supported the parliament in the civil war or else lose all or part of their land.
Not many people could prove that so most landowners lost land
How was the land in the cromwellian plantation given out after the Irish were moved to Connacht
Before any land could be resettled, a survey had to be carried out by Sir William. His survey was called The Down Survey, simply because the results were written down. 33,000 soldiers were given land; however few of them wanted to become farmers in Ireland and most sold their land to their officers who amassed huge estates.
What was the impact of the plantation
The Cromwellian Plantation did not bring a lot of settlers into Ireland. Most of the new landowners used Irish people as workers and tenants.
Main result was to replace catholic landowners in Ireland with Protestants
•By 1660 the Catholics only owned 20% of the land compared to the 60% they had owned in 1640
•Although the people who owned the land changed the people who worked on it did not
•Catholics outnumbered the protestant settlers
•This destroyed Cromwell’s plan to turn Ireland into a protestant country
What happened at Drogheda during the cromwellian plantation
In 1649 Cromwell’s’ New Army landed in Ringsend and marched to Drogheda where the town refused to surrender. Cromwell massacred the whole town. When the same thing happened a few weeks later to the town of Wexford a clear message had been sent to other Irish towns.
How was the land in the cromwellian plantation given out after the Irish were moved to Connacht
Before any land could be resettled, a survey had to be carried out by Sir William. His survey was called The Down Survey, simply because the results were written down. 33,000 soldiers were given land; however few of them wanted to become farmers in Ireland and most sold their land to their officers who amassed huge estates.
Explain he overall impact on farming due to the plantations
Before the plantations cattle roamed freely around the countryside and this was the main source of farming.
The new settlers divided the land into farms and fields enclosing them with a hedge and ditch. They drained the boggy lands and cut down forests.
Growing crops became the main method of farming, as they could be easily sold in the local market.
Explain the overall changes due to the plantations in relation to politics
The Protestant Ascendancy replaced the old Gaelic chieftains as the owners of the land.
• Many landlords served as local magistrates or judges, which gave them enormous power.
• The Penal Laws prevented Catholics from getting involved in the politics of their country and Brehon Law was forbidden.
• There was a sheriff in every county and a constable in every parish.
Explain the changes due to the planations in Ireland in relation to towns
New towns developed and they had a diamond or square in the centre of the town, around which the important buildings were built, i.e. courthouse, jail and church.
The streets were wide and straight and the towns were surrounded by a wall.
Many settlers built houses that had two stories and were built of timber or stone. They had a brick chimney to take out the smoke and were comfortable inside. The houses were copied by the Irish.
Explain the overall changes in Ireland due to the plantations in relation to religion
Catholics lost all rights to land and property. This created enormous division and hostility between Catholic and Protestant peoples.
• Only in Ulster did the plantations produce the desired religious change to Protestantism.
• The Penal Laws were introduced in order to ensure that no Catholics would reclaim their lands. Under these laws no Catholic could become a member of parliament, set up a school or go to university.
How did land ownership change after the plantations
Many Gaelic landlords lost their land and the majority of land in Ireland was now ruled by Protestant and English
