The Renaissance

Question 0

Explain briefly what the Renaissance is.

Answer 0

A time in history where people questioned old ideas and in the Middle Ages and took an interest in the Greeks and Romans. There were many progressions in Art, sculpture, architecture,and science

Question 1

What does the Renaissance mean

Answer 1

Rebirth

Question 2

Explain Humanism

Answer 2

Humanism puts humans at the centre of everything and unlike the Middle Ages people were interested in all aspects of life on Earth and not just heaven after a person died.

Question 3

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy

Answer 3

Because of:
The old Roman Empire: people started to get interested in their history

The influence of Greek scholars: Greek scholars escaped to Italy and this made people in Italy interested in Greek ideas.

Wealthy Italian merchants: merchants brought back, spices and herbs from other countries and this gave them money to spend on art.

Influence of new ideas because of Italian merchants

Independent States: each state had its own rulers and ideas

Question 4

What is a patron

Answer 4

A person who pays an artist to produce a work of art

Question 5

Where did the Renaissance start in Italy and why

Answer 5

They had great trade in Florence in Italy and there for the city was very rich so it could afford to have the best painters, sculptors and architecture and that’s why the Renaissance started here.

Question 6

Name some characteristics of Renaissance artwork

Answer 6

Sfumato,perspective, depth, anatomy, portraits, 3D, not all religious based.

Question 7

What is a fresco and what is a canvas

Answer 7

A fresco is a picture painted straight onto a wallop ceiling.
A canvas is a painting on cloth that is tightly stretched.

Question 8

Explain sculptor

Answer 8

An artist who makes sculptures out of stone wood or metal.

Question 9

Name features of Renaissance sculpture

Answer 9

They were often nude and the anatomy was very precise. They weren’t so much part of a building they were free standing statues

Question 10

Name some characteristics of Renaissance architecture.

Answer 10

Dome
Symmetry 
Rounded arches, on windows, doors, or just the walls themselves
Columns 
Pediments

Question 11

Explain pediment

Answer 11

Structure in architecture supported by columns which is triangular in shape and can be placed above entrance.

Question 12

Explain sfumato

Answer 12

When tiny brush strokes were used to blend areas of a painting into each other so there were no harsh lines

Question 13

Name three famous Italian architects

Answer 13

Andrea Palladio- designed many houses for wealthy people and his design style was known as Palladian

Filippo Brunelleschi- figured out how to build the dome after studying old roman structures

Michealangelo - designed The dome of St. Peter’s basilica

Question 14

Who invented the first moveable printing machine and what was the first book printed

Answer 14

Johannes Gutenberg the bible

Question 15

How did printing change the world

Answer 15

Printing changed the world:
Books are cheaper and easier to get
People begin To want to read and write
New ideas spread quicker as people could write about them
It became harder for the church or rulers to stop what they didn’t like because so many copies of books were made

Question 16

Explain vernacular literature

Answer 16

Literature written in the everyday language of the people and not Latin

Question 17

What is a manuscript and why were books so expensive before the printing press

Answer 17

A manuscript was a book written by hand and they were so expensive because they took so long to write and were very rare

Question 18

Compare the knowledge of the anatomy in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

Answer 18

In The Middle Ages people used herbal remedies and doctors didn’t understand how the human body worked. They thought the soul was an organ and the Most important part of a human
In the Renaissance people began to question these ideas and people like Vesalius and Harvey discovered how the body worked and the blood flow.

Question 19

Why was it almost impossible for people to dissect bodies in the Renaissance

Answer 19

It was almost impossible because it was against the church and also the pope later on banned it.

Question 20

What did William Harvey discover

Answer 20

He discovered how the blood circulated the body. The heart pumped the blood

Question 21

Explain astronomy

Answer 21

The study of the universe including the sun, moon and stars.

Question 22

What did people believe about the positioning of the sun before Copernicus

Answer 22

People believed that the earth was the centre of everything probably because the influence of the church. People thought the sun revolved around the earth. And the moon as a matter of fact and that the earth didn’t move at all.

Question 23

What did Copernicus discover

Answer 23

He discovered that the earth moved around the sun and that the sun was the centre of the solar system. However Copernicus could not prove this as there was no telescope in his time

Question 24

What did Galileo prove

Answer 24

Galileo proved Copernicus’s theory that the sí was indeed the centre of the solar system however the church didn’t like his ideas and he spent his last years under house arrest after a trial. He was afraid he would be killed so said he was mistaken with his ideas when he knew he was right.

Question 25

What was believed to be a woman’s role in the Renaissance

Answer 25

Women were supposed to be a good housekeeper, look after children. When boys went to school, to learn lasting girls stayed home to learn about housekeeping. Women were not allowed to go to university and most women didn’t read or write

Question 26

Name two famous Renaissance women

Answer 26

Judith leyster- painted still life and domestic paintings. Until the 1900s people thought her works were by a man.

Anna Maria van Schurman was a famous scholar and got special permission to attend lectures. She had to stand behind a curtain while at the lectures so the men could not see her or get distracted.

Question 27

What was the change because the Renaissance in people’s confidence

Answer 27

People began to think for themselves and they challenged old ideas on anatomy or geography.

Question 28

What was the change in discoveries and art In the Renaissance

Answer 28

Art: perspective and sfumato were used
Science: people understood that the earth revolved around the sun and the telescope was made
Medicine: Harvey discovered how the blood worked, how the anatomy and organs functioned.

Question 29

What was the change with the church because of the church

Answer 29

People started to question the ideas of the church and this led to the reformation

Question 30

Why did artists study the anatomy

Answer 30

To make their paintings of people very accurate

Question 31

Why were patrons so important

Answer 31

Because they paid artists to create beautiful works of art which has a huge impact on t he Renaissance. Also patrons like Cosimo de Medici set up libraries to house manucsripts. Some patrons set up academy’s where scholars could study and of course this encouraged learning. They paid for many public buildings to be constructed

Question 32

Name one patron in the Renaissance

Answer 32

Cosimo de Medici, Lorenzo de Medici, Pope Julius II.

Question 33

Briefly write about Shakespeare and his plays

Answer 33

He wrote many plays and sonnets. He wrote histories, Henry V, comedies, Twelfth night, and tragedies, hamlet/Romeo and Juliet.