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Kin 1060 > 3B - shoulder to elbow > Flashcards

3B - shoulder to elbow Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

where does the arterial blood supply begin on the right side

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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2
Q

right subclavian artery

A

branched off of the brachiocephalic; courses beneath clavicle towards armpit to become axillary artery; branches off a vertebral artery (to brain)

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3
Q

cubital fossa

A

triangular shaped region at anterior aspect of elbow

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4
Q

phlebotomy

A

opening of a vein to diminish the blood supply

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5
Q

upper limb

A

extends from shoulder to hand

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6
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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7
Q

subscapular fossa

A

origin of subscapularis
- anterior aspect

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8
Q

supraspinous fossa

A

origin of supraspinatus
- posterior aspect, above spine of scapula

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9
Q

infraspinous fossa

A

origin of infraspinatus
- posterior aspect, below spine of scapula

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10
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

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11
Q

glenoid fossa

A

the part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint

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12
Q

coracoid process

A

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

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13
Q

3 borders of the scapula

A

superior, lateral, medial

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14
Q

supraglenoid tubercle

A

prominence superior to the glenoid cavity

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15
Q

clavicle

A

s-shaped bone that helps support the shoulder

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16
Q

concave clavicle

A

articulates with sternum (sternal articular surface)

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17
Q

convex clavicle

A

articulates with acromion of scapula

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18
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

between sternum and clavicle

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19
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

between acromion and clavicle

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20
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

the synovial ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder between the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa

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21
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A

not a “real” joint, but allows for movement between the scapula and thoracic cage, which is critical for arm abduction

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22
Q

anterior sternoclavicular ligament

A

helps to secure head of clavicle into sternum

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23
Q

costoclavicular ligament

A

band of connective tissue that unites the medial clavicle with the first rib

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24
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A

makes a connection between the coracoid process and the acromion

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25
acromioclavicular ligament
connects the clavicle to the acromion
26
coracoclavicular ligament
connects the clavicle to the coracoid process
27
grade 1 shoulder separation
stretching of acromioclavicular ligament
28
grade 2 shoulder separation
rupture of acromioclavicular ligament, stretching of coracoclavicular ligament
29
grade 3 shoulder separation
rupture of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments
30
coracohumeral ligament
connects head of humerus to the coracoid process
31
what are the 3 glenohumeral ligaments
superior, middle, inferior
32
glenoid labrum
thickening of fibrocartilage around the glenoid fossa. deepens the socket for better contact with the humeral head. may be torn with dislocations
33
scapulohumeral rhythm
a regular pattern of scapular rotation that accompanies and facilitates humeral abduction
34
which joint is responsible for arm abduction when there is less than 30° of abduction
glenohumeral joint
35
which joint is responsible for arm abduction when there is greater than 30° of abduction
glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint
36
how many degrees does the glenohumeral joint move when the scapulothoracic joint moves 1 degree
2 degrees
37
axilla
fat-filled space providing passageway for blood vessels and nerves
38
axillary lymph nodes
concentrated in armpit, receive lymph from upper limb and female breast
39
axilla anterior border
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
40
axilla medial border
serratus anterior and thoracic wall
41
axilla posterior border
subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
42
axilla lateral border
intertubercular sulcus
43
superficial layer muscles
extrinsic back, rhomboids and teres major
44
pectoral muscles
muscles of the chest; serratus anterior, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
45
brachium muscles
deltoid, long head of biceps, long head of triceps
46
latissimus dorsi
- extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward - extend, adduct, and medially rotate humerus
47
which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
48
rotator cuff
group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint
49
which movements does the trapezius muscle perform
scapular elevation, depression, and retraction
50
which nerve innervates trapezius
accessory nerve, CN XI - acts very similar to a spinal nerve
51
deep layer muscles
extrinsic back, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
52
Saturday night palsy
brachial plexus nerve compression leading to wrist drop and sensory loss on posterior arm, radial nerve compression
53
rhomboids action
retract scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
54
rhomboids innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
55
teres major innervation
lower subscapular nerve
56
teres major function
adduct and medially rotate arm
57
supraspinatus function
deep layer muscle, above the spine, initiate and assist with arm abduction
58
supraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve
59
infraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve
60
infraspinatus function
deep layer muscle, laterally rotate arm
61
teres minor innervation
axillary nerve
62
teres minor function
deep layer muscle, laterally rotate arm
63
subscapularis innervation
upper and lower subscapular nerves
64
subscapularis function
deep layer muscle, medially rotate arm
65
what is the acronym used to remember the four muscles of the rotator cuff
SITS
66
pectoralis major function
pectoral muscle, arm flexion and adduction
67
pectoralis major innervation
lateral and medial pectoral nerves
68
pectoralis minor function
pectoral muscle, scapular protraction
69
pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve
70
serratus anterior innervation
long thoracic nerve
71
serratus anterior function
pectoral muscle, rotate and protract scapula
72
winged scapula
inactive serratus anterior allows medial border of the scapula to move backwards, while an intact pectoralis minor pulls coracoid forward, long thoracic nerve
73
deltoid innervation
axillary nerve
74
deltoid function
flexion, extension, abduction up to 90°
75
deltoid location
wraps around whole of shoulder
76
shoulder joint movements
abduction of the upper limb at the shoulder joint involves four different muscles, supplied by 4 different nerves, to achieve full range of motion from 0-180°
77
muscle and nerve for 0-15 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint
muscle - supraspinatus nerve - suprascapular
78
muscle and nerve for 15-90 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint
muscle - deltoid nerve - axillary
79
muscle and nerve for 90-160 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint
muscle - trapezius nerve - accessory (cranial nerve XI)
80
muscle and nerve for 160-180 degrees of motion in the shoulder joint
muscle - serratus anterior nerve - long thoracic
81
humerus
upper arm bone, long bone
82
humerus head
rounded section of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
83
humerus anatomical neck
circumferential groove separating the head from the tubercle
84
humerus surgical neck
narrow part below tubercles, common fracture site
85
humerus body
shaft of the humerus
86
humerus greater tubercle
larger lateral prominence; site of the attachment of rotator cuff muscles
87
humerus lesser tubercle
inter tubercular sulcus (groove) where long head of biceps will run
88
humerus deltoid tuberosity
where the deltoid muscle attaches to the bone; will feel rough
89
humerus medial epicondyle
rough condyle proximal to the trochlea
90
humerus lateral epicondyle
small condyle proximal to the capitulum
91
humerus capitulum
articulates with head of radius
92
humerus trochlea
a flared medial condyle that articulates with the ulna
93
humerus olecranon fossa
ulna (olecranon)
94
flexor compartment
flexion of wrist and fingers, musculocutaneous nerve - anterior on arm - musculocutaneous nerve
95
extensor compartment
extension of wrist and fingers, radial nerve - posterior - radian nerve
96
biceps brachii
flexes and supinates forearm
97
long head
biceps brachii, crosses glenoid fossa
98
biceps brachii short head
attaches to coracoid process
99
biceps
muscles that allow for supination
100
coracobrachialis
muscle that allows for shoulder flexion
101
brachialis
muscle that allows for elbow flexion
102
Popeye sign
rupture of long head of biceps, generally not surgically repaired. minimal weakness in upper limb due to action of brachialis
103
humeral shaft fracture
may cause injury to the radial nerve resulting in wrist drop. common in young people with high-energy trauma, and older people with osteopenia
104
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density

Kin 1060 (11 decks)

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