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Kin 1060 > 5B - Respiration/Lungs > Flashcards

5B - Respiration/Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system

A

a system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasophraynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

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2
Q

structural divisions

A

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

nose, pharynx, larynx

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4
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, bronchi, lungs

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5
Q

functional divisions

A

conducting zone and respiratory zone

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6
Q

conducting zone

A

nose to terminal bronchioles

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7
Q

respiratory zone

A

respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

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8
Q

gas exchange

A

the process of obtaining oxygen form the environment and releasing carbon dioxide

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9
Q

nasal cavity

A

hollow space behind the nose

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10
Q

pharynx

A

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

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11
Q

Nasopharynx

A

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

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12
Q

Oropharynx

A

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

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13
Q

laryngopharynx

A

lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus

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14
Q

larynx

A

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords

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15
Q

trachea

A

allows air to pass to and from lungs

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16
Q

bronchi

A

two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs

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17
Q

nostril

A

one of the two channels of the nose

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18
Q

cribriform plate

A

the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity form the nasal cavity

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19
Q

olfactory nerve

A

the nerve that carries smell impulses from the nose to the brain

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20
Q

hard palate

A

anterior portion, supposed by bone

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21
Q

soft palate

A

Posterior portion, not supported by bone

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22
Q

mucous linings

A

olfactory mucosa and respiratory mucosa

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23
Q

olfactory mucosa

A

the region inside the nose that contains the receptors for the sense of smell

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24
Q

respiratory mucosa

A

mucus-covered membrane that lines the tubes of the respiratory tree

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25
Q

conchae

A

three uneven, scroll-like nasal bones that extend down through the nasal cavity, bony protrusions

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26
Q

meatus

A

space underneath conchae

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27
Q

uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

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28
Q

hyoid bone

A

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles

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29
Q

how many cartilages does the larynx have?

A

9, mostly hyaline

30
Q

vocal ligaments

A

form core of vocal folds (true vocal cords)

31
Q

vestibular fold

A

fake vocal cord, part of the folded region of the glottis composed of mucous membrane; supports the epiglottis during swallowing

32
Q

bronchial tree

A

branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli

33
Q

alveoli

A

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

34
Q

type 1 pneumocytes

A

extremely thin alveolar cells that are adapted to carry out gas exchange

35
Q

type 2 pneumocytes

A

synthesize surfactant (lecithin, phosphatidylcholine); stored in lamellar bodies

36
Q

carina

A

point at which the trachea bifurcates into the left and right mainstem bronchi

37
Q

right main bronchus

A

shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left

38
Q

right lobar bronchi

A

superior, middle, inferior

39
Q

interalevolar septum

A

contains elastic fibres that contribute to the ability of the lungs to stretch during inspiration and recoil during expiration

40
Q

pulmonary capillaries

A

surround the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli; site of gas exchange in blood

41
Q

interstitium

A

space containing interstitial fluid

42
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

43
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

44
Q

how many surfaces does each lung have?

A

3 (costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal)

45
Q

costal surface

A

the lung surface that lies against the ribs, matching the rounded curvature of the ribs

46
Q

diaphragmatic surface

A

portion of the lung which borders on the thoracic diaphragm

47
Q

mediastinal surface

A

surface of each lung facing the mediastinum

48
Q

apex

A

tip or uppermost portion of the lung

49
Q

hilum

A

on mediastinal surface; site for entry/exit of blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

50
Q

fissures

A

what separates the lungs into lobes

51
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

52
Q

pulmonary veins

A

deliver oxygen Ruch blood from the lungs to the left atrium

53
Q

lymphatics

A

transport interstitial fluid to blood

54
Q

bronchial arteries

A

provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue

55
Q

pulmonary ligament

A

continuation of the parietal and visceral pleurae that extend inferiorly from the root of the lung and mediastinum

56
Q

right hilum

A

identify the highlighted section

57
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung

58
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

59
Q

costomediastinal recess

A

space where the left costal and mediastinal parietal pleura meet and leave a space for the cardiac notch of the left lung (occupied by the lingula during inspiration)

60
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

potential space; when it abnormally fills with air or fluid, it compromises lung expansion

61
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in

62
Q

expiration

A

breathing out

63
Q

alveolar pressure

A

pressure within the lungs

64
Q

intrapleural pressure

A

pressure within the pleural cavity

65
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

66
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the pleural cavity

67
Q

pulmonary capillary

A

small blood vessels connected to the alveoli where oxygen binds to the hemoglobin in red blood cells and carbon dioxide is released form the hemoglobin. the oxygen-rich blood is returned to the heart while the carbon dioxide is exhaled form the lungs

68
Q

fused basement membrane

A

between alveolar and endothelial cells

69
Q

shunt

A

adequate perfusion but no ventilation

70
Q

dead space

A

adequate ventilation but no perfusion

71
Q

pulmonary effusion

A

fluid in the pleural cavity

72
Q

perfusion

A

the supply of oxygen to and removal or wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through capillaries

Kin 1060 (11 decks)

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