4A - Glute to Thigh and knee Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
what is the main goal/function of the upper limb
A
grasping, smaller bones so more mobile
2
Q
what is the main goal/function of the lower limb
A
weight bearing, larger bones so more stable
3
Q
shoulder girdle
A
minimal articulation with vertebral column
4
Q
pelvic girdle
A
firmly attached to vertebral column
5
Q
hip joint
A
ball and socket joint
6
Q
flexion of the knee is on which side?
A
posterior
7
Q
for the upper limb, which aspect does flexion occur on?
A
anterior aspect
8
Q
limb rotation
A
process which begins around 8 weeks of gestation in which arms and legs grow out of their “bud” phases
9
Q
lumbosacral plexus
A
formed of L2-S2 rami, supplies the lower limb
10
Q
femoral nerve
A
innervates extensors of the knee (L2-L4)
11
Q
obturator nerve
A
innervates the adductors of hip (extensor, L2-L4)
12
Q
sciatic nerve
A
innervates tibial and fibular nerves (L4-S3, flexor)
13
Q
tibial nerve
A
supplied by the sciatic nerve, flexor of the knee, plantar flexors and intrinsic flexors of foot
14
Q
fibular nerve (common peroneal)
A
supplied by the sciatic nerve, dorsiflexors, extensors, and evertors of the foot
15
Q
internal iliac artery
A
supply musculature and viscera of pelvis
16
Q
external iliac artery
A
goes on to supply lower limb with oxygenated blood
17
Q
inguinal ligament
A
ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen
18
Q
femoral artery
A
continuation of external iliac artery inferior to inguinal ligament; supplies quadriceps group
19
Q
deep artery of the thigh
A
main artery that serves the thigh muscles, supplies all deep musculature next to the femur
20
Q
adductor hiatus
A
gap between the adductor Magnus muscle and the femur that allows the passage of the femoral vessels from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh and then the popliteal fossa
21
Q
popliteal artery
A
continuation of femoral artery, found behind the knee, that branches to supply the legs and feet
22
Q
anterior tibial artery
A
continuation of popliteal artery which courses anteriorly between the tibia and fibula to supply the anterior leg
23
Q
posterior tibial artery
A
continuation of popliteal artery in the back of the leg
24
Q
medial plantar artery
A
continuation of posterior tibial artery, supplies the bottom of the foot
25
fibular artery
supplies the lateral compartment of the leg
26
deep veins
responsible for returning blood during exercise.
- starts off at posterior tibial veins and venules then goes to the popliteal vein then to the femoral vein which drains into the internal iliac vein
27
superficial veins
return blood at rest
- starts with the dorsal venous plexus then to the lesser saphenous vein then to the popliteal vein
28
lesser saphenous vein
originates on the dorsal of the foot and ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus and runs along the midline of the posterior calf; terminates as it joins the popliteal vein
28
popliteal vein
the vein that forms when the anterior and posterior tibial veins unite at the knee
29
fascia lata
layer of connective tissue overlying thigh muscles
30
iliotibial tract
band of longitudinal fibres on lateral side of fascia late, connects distally to the lateral condyle of tibia
31
crural fascia
deep fascia of the leg
32
the crural fascia splits the shank into 3 compartments; what are they called?
anterior, posterior, and lateral
33
where do the acetabulum and head of the femur articulate?
the hip
34
head of femur
round articular surface, joins up with pelvis to create hip joint
35
fovea of femur
dent in head for ligament to acetabulum
36
greater trochanter of femur
lateral, below neck
37
lesser trochanter of femur
medial side, below neck of femur
38
os coxae
the hipbone; formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
38
ilium
anterior, superior
39
ischium
posterior
40
pubis
anterior, inferior
41
auricular surface
where sacrum articulates with os coxae
42
obturator foramen
hole right at inferior aspect of os coxae
43
acetabulum
fusing of bones to form socket of hip
44
pubic tubercle
bony prominence on anterior aspect. Joins up with other half to form pubic symphysis
45
iliac crest
found on the top of the hip bone
46
ischial tuberosity
receives the weight of the body when sitting
47
acetabular labrum
lip of fibrocartilage that surrounds outer margin of the acetabulum on the hip bone
48
lunate surface
smooth articulating surface on the periphery of the acetabulum
49
ligament of head of femur
attaches fovea to femur
50
hip replacement
a surgical procedure in which the acetabulum and head of femur are replaced
51
sacrospinous ligament
connects sacrum to ischial spine
52
sacrotuberous ligament
connects sacrum to ischial tuberosity
53
sacroiliac ligament
connects sacrum to ilium
54
greater sciatic foramen
pelvic opening formed y the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrum, and the sacrospinous ligament
55
lesser sciatic foramen
pelvic opening formed y the lesser sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrospinous ligament, and the sacrotuberous ligament
56
coccyx
four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
57
sacroiliac joint
the joint between the sacrum and the ilium
- bilateral, synovial
58
pubic symphysis
cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together
59
open book fracture
separation of pubic symphysis, normal = 4-5mm, pregnancy = 8-9mm
60
iliofemoral ligament
ligament connecting ilium and femur
61
pubofemoral ligament
ligament connecting pubis and femur
62
ischiofemoral ligament
ligament connecting ischium to femur
63
obturator artery
serves medial thigh, external genitals, perineum
64
bursae
exist to cushion ligaments and skin that crosses over bone
65
trochanteric bursa
separates glutes from greater trochanter
66
ischiogluteal bursa
separates gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity
67
iliopsoas bursa
separates iliopsoas from hip joint capsule
68
hip fracture
foreshortened EXTERNAL rotation. Pull on iliopsoas on greater trochanter of femur, more common in older individuals
69
hip dislocation
foreshortened INTERNAL rotation. Posterior dislocation causes traction of the adductor group. More common in younger individuals
70
foot drop
head of femur pushed up against a nerve. Occurs when the hip is in flexion (car accident = knees hit the dash). Characterized by an inability to dorsiflex and reduced eversion
71
femoral neck fracture
fracture of the neck of the femur (type of hip fracture)
72
gluteal muscles
1. gluteus maximus
2. gluteus medius
3. gluteus minimus
4. tensor fascia latae
73
gluteus maximus
butt
74
gluteus medius
abducts and medially rotates thigh
75
gluteus minimus
abducts and medially rotates thigh
76
tensor fascia latae
flexes and abducts thigh
77
iliopsoas
1. Iliacus
2. psoas
78
Iliacus function
flexes thigh
79
psoas
loin
80
deep rotator muscles
1. obturator externus
2. obturator internus
3. gemelli
4. piriformis
5. quadrates femoris
81
obturator externus
laterally rotates thigh
82
obturator internus
laterally rotates thigh
83
gemelli (location)
between obturator externus and obturator internus
84
prirformis
triangular-shaped muscle, laterally rotates and abducts thigh
85
quadratus femoris
laterally rotates thigh
86
which muscles make up the thigh flexors
quadriceps femoris, sartorius
87
sartorius
flexes thigh on hip
88
hamstring muscles
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
89
Hip adductor muscles
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus, gracilis, pectineus
90
which muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
91
which muscles are innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
gluteus maximus
92
where does the pedestal nerve travel
through the lesser sciatic foramen
93
where does the obturator nerve travel?
passes through obturator foramen
94
what does the obturator nerve innervate?
hip adductor muscles
95
femoral triangle
femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
96
intercondylar notch of femur
on the posterior side of the femur, between the medial and lateral condyles
97
patellar surface of femur
smooth distal anterior surface between the condyles; articulates with the patella
98
what is the function of the muscles in the anterior thigh compartment, which nerve innervates them
extensors, innervated by the femoral nerve
- hip flexion and knee extension
99
what is the function of the muscles in the medial thigh compartment, which nerve innervates them
adductors, innervated by the obturator nerve
- hip adduction, flexion, and medial rotation
100
what is the function of the muscles in the posterior thigh compartment, which nerve innervates them
flexors (knee), innervated by sciatic nerve
- knee flexion, hip extension
101
which muscles are in the anterior thigh compartment?
- sartorius
- pectineus
- rectus femoris (lateralis, medialis, intermedius)
102
which muscles are in the medial thigh compartment
- gracilis
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
103
which muscles are in the posterior thigh compartment
- semi-tendinosis
- semi-membranosis
- biceps femoris
104
what action does the rectus femoris perform
extends leg and flexes thigh
105
what action does the vastus intermedius perform
extends knee
106
what action does the vastus medialis perform
extends knee
107
what action does the vastus lateralis perform
extends knee
108
patella
kneecap, attaches to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, innervated by femoral nerve
109
what action does the pectineus perform
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
110
adductor brevis
deep to pectineus
111
adductor longus
deep to pectineus
112
adductor magnus
2 parts: adductor component and hamstring component
113
semi-tendinosus
flexion of leg at the knee, extension of thigh at the hip, most superficial, rounder in shape
114
semi-membranosus
deep to semi-tendinosus, medial, flatter in shape
115
biceps femoris innervation
sciatic nerve
116
biceps femoris location
lateral, long head (more superficial) and short head (more deep)
117
pes anserine
"gooses foot", insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus. Tripod muscles
118
femoral sheath
fascial tube containing the artery and vein (not the nerve)
119
knee purpose
allow weight of body/thigh to be transferred to shank/ankle
120
femur purpose
transmits force from pelvis through the knee
121
tibia
weight bearing bone of the lower leg
122
tibial tuberosity
attachment point for quadriceps femoris via patellar liagement
123
intercondylar eminence
irregular projection located between the two condyles
124
fibula purpose
provides rotational stability
125
patella
increases force production (moment arm) at a joint
126
femorotibial joint
joint between the femur and tibia
127
patellofemoral joint
joint between the patella and femur
128
menisci
pads of cartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones
129
what is the purpose of menisci
deepen and stabilize articulating surfaces
130
collateral ligaments
ligaments that run along the sides of the knee and limit sideways motion
131
lateral collateral ligament
a lodgement that attaches to the femur and the fibula; maintain stability of the lateral aspect of the knee joint
132
medial collateral ligament
attached to medial meniscus, prevents abduction of tibia
133
cruciate ligaments
make possible the movements of the knee
134
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
a ligament in the knee that attaches to the anterior spect of the tibial plateau, restricting anterior movement of the tibia on the femur
135
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
attaches to posterior tibia, prevents backward sliding of tibia and forward sliding of femur
136
PCL rupture
anything that moves the tibia posteriorly on the femur causes an injury
137
ACL rupture
rotation of knee where foot rotates medially and thigh rotates laterally, causes an injury
138
unhappy triad
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
139
screw home mechanism
allows femur to position itself on the knee to lock itself into place
140
popliteus
unlocking of the knee. Causes rotation of the tibia and femur in opposing directions
141
patellar dislocation
the patella becomes dislocated from the joint, most often laterally
142
3 knee bursae
subpatellar, prepatellar, infrapatellar
143
subpatellar bursa
protects patella from femur
144
prepatellar bursa
protects skin from anterior aspect of knee that will move overtop of patella every time the knee is bent
145
infrapatellar bursa
superficial and deep, cushion patellar ligament
