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kin 1060 > 5A - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

5A - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body

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3
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

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4
Q

what kind of arteries are elastic?

A

larger arteries

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5
Q

what kind of arteries are muscular?

A

smaller arteries

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6
Q

arterioles

A

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

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7
Q

venules

A

small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins

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8
Q

venous sinuses

A

drains venous blood back into heart or other veins

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9
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

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10
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

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11
Q

arterial supply, what does it do and where does it start?

A

supplies blood to the cells of the heart, begins at brachiocephalic trunk

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12
Q

superficial venous supply

A

drain superficial palmar venous arch

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13
Q

deep venous supply

A

drain palmar digital veins and deep palmar venous arch

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14
Q

abdominal aorta

A

continuation of the thoracic aorta that runs through the abdominal cavity

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15
Q

internal iliac artery

A

main artery of the pelvis

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16
Q

external iliac artery

A

supplies lower limbs

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17
Q

inguinal ligament

A

ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

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18
Q

deep artery of the thigh

A

main artery that serves the thigh muscles

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19
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

supplies blood to the lower leg muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes

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20
Q

dorsal pedal artery

A

dorsal artery of the foot; continuation of the anterior tibial artery at the ankle

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21
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

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22
Q

medial plantar artery

A

arises form the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries; supplies blood to the medial plantar surfaces on the foot

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23
Q

fibular artery

A

supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

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24
Q

deep veins

A

responsible for returning blood during exercise

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25
Q

valves

A

flaps of tissue that open and close to allow the flow of blood in one direction only. The hearts valves are located at the entrances and exits of its chambers

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26
Q

superficial veins

A

return blood at rest

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27
Q

dorsal venous plexus

A

the veins of the back of the hand

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28
Q

mediastinum

A

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, vena cava, esophagus, and trachea

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29
Q

superior mediastinum

A

upper compartment of the thoracic cavity

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30
Q

middle mediastinum

A

contains the heart, roots of great vessels, and pericardium

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31
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

between pericardium and sternum, in front of middle mediastinum
- contains loose CT, fat, lymphatic vessels, some vasculature

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32
Q

posterior mediastinum

A

posterior to the pericardium and diaphragm
- contains the thoracic aorta, esophagus, veins, lymphatic structures, nerves (vagus, phrenic, thoracic sympathetic trunk)

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33
Q

left pleural cavity

A

surrounds left lung

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34
Q

right pleural cavity

A

surrounds right lung

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35
Q

thoracic inlet

A

imaginary line between manubrium along first rib to T1

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36
Q

superior vena cava

A

a vein hat is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body

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37
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

the first major branch off of the aorta and the major artery to the forelimbs and head

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38
Q

left common carotid artery

A

supplies left side of head and neck

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39
Q

left subclavian artery

A

third branch of the aortic arch that distributes blood to the left arm

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40
Q

trachea

A

allows air to pass to and dorm lungs

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41
Q

esophagus

A

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

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42
Q

heart

A

a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

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43
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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44
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

thigh, white fibrous connective tissue that is the outer layer of the pericardium

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45
Q

serous pericardium

A

thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart

46
Q

ascending aorta

A

the ascending part of the aorta as it emerges from the left ventricle

47
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

carries blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries

48
Q

descending thoracic aorta

A

the part of the aorta that runs from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, gives off numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest

49
Q

vagus nerve

A

the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas

50
Q

sympathetic trunk

A

nerve running along each side of the vertebral column

51
Q

connective tissue

A

a body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

52
Q

thymus gland

A

located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart; secrets thymosin

53
Q

lungs

A

two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration

54
Q

pleura

A

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

55
Q

hilum

A

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

56
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

57
Q

pulmonary veins

A

deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

58
Q

primary bronchi

A

the first branches of the trachea. there are two primary branch, one for each lung

59
Q

which side of the heart has thinner walls

A

right side

60
Q

which side of the heart has thicker walls

A

left side

61
Q

atrial-ventricular (AV) valves

A

tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral)

62
Q

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

63
Q

what is it called when the heart interacts with the lungs?

A

pulmonary

64
Q

what is it called when the heart interacts with the body

A

systemic

65
Q

what is it called when heart interacts with itself?

A

coronary

66
Q

right atrium

A

receives deoxygenated blood form the body

67
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

68
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

69
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

70
Q

interventricular sulcus

A

overlies the interventricular septum that divides the right ventricle from the left

71
Q

cardiac apex

A

the rounded point at the bottom of the heart

72
Q

great vessels

A

arteries and veins entering and leading the heart, leading to the body or the lungs

73
Q

aortic arch

A

a curved blood vessel from which arteries branch to the head and neck

74
Q

fossa ovale

A

remnant of the fetal opening between right and left atria

75
Q

auricle

A

lumpy and wrinkled flap of the atria

76
Q

ligamentum arteriosum

A

this structure is a remnant of a fetal vessel that connected the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

77
Q

trabecular carneae

A

muscular ridges on the internal surface of the ventricles

78
Q

papillary muscles

A

anchor points for chordae tendineae of VA valves

79
Q

chordae tendineae

A

strings that attach to the papillary muscles that control the valves

80
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

81
Q

mitral valve

A

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

82
Q

aortic valve

A

the semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

83
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

84
Q

heart failure

A

a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all the blood that it receives

85
Q

left sided heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

86
Q

right sided heart failure

A

causes swelling in extremities

87
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

88
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer of the heart

89
Q

right coronary artery

A

artery vascularizing the right side of the heart

90
Q

left coronary artery

A

supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum

91
Q

circumflex artery

A

supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle

92
Q

heart attack

A

a condition in which blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing heart cells to die

93
Q

myocardial infarction

A

medical term for heart attack

94
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death

95
Q

angina

A

a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

96
Q

cardiomyocytes

A

cardiac muscle cells. Contain the same contractile filaments as skeletal muscle (sarcomere)

97
Q

pacemaker cells

A

heart cells that regularly produce spontaneous electrical impulses

98
Q

non-pacemaker cells

A

involved in developing force during each contraction of the heart - they fire APs when stimulated

99
Q

syncytium

A

network of cardiomyocytes connected via intercalated discs

100
Q

intercalated discs

A

attachment sites between the transverse lines between cardiac muscle cells

101
Q

neuronal action potential

A

rapid depolarization (1ms) cause by fast sodium channels

102
Q

cardiomyocyte action potential

A

much slower depolarization (200-400ms), caused by sodium + calcium

103
Q

refractory period

A

a period of inactivity after a neuron has fired

104
Q

sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker of the heart

105
Q

atrioventricular node

A

a specialized mass of conducting cells located at the atrioventricular junction in the heart

106
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electrical activity of the heart

107
Q

PR interval of ECG

A

delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles

108
Q

QT interval of ECG

A

ventricular depolarization and repolarization

109
Q

QRS interval of ECG

A

ventricular depolarization

110
Q

ST segment

A

time during which ventricles are contracting and emptying

111
Q

systole

A

contraction of the heart

112
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of the heart

kin 1060 (11 decks)

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