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MT6328 > 3S [LEC]: Amniotic Fluid > Flashcards

3S [LEC]: Amniotic Fluid Flashcards

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1
Q

A membranous sac that surrounds the fetus and where the amniotic fluid is present

A

Amnion

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2
Q

What epithelial cell lines the amnion?

A

Cuboidal cells

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3
Q

Metabolically active and is involved in the exchanges of water and chemicals

A

Amnion

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4
Q

How much amniotic fluid is derived primarily from maternal circulation during the first trimester?

A

35 mL

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5
Q

After the first trimester, what is the major contributor to the amniotic fluid volume?

A

Fetal urine

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6
Q

Peak volume of amniotic fluid

A

800-1200 mL

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7
Q

Failure of the fetus to begin swallowing, which causes an amniotic fluid level of >1200 mL

A

Polhyhydramnios

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8
Q

Increase of fetal swallowing, which causes an amniotic fluid of <800mL

A

Oligohydramnios

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9
Q

Amniotic fluid is regulated by the balance between the production of ___ and ___

A

Fetal urine
Lung fluid

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10
Q

Ultimate source of amniotic fluid

A

Placenta

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11
Q

When is the peak volume of amniotic fluid achieved?

A

3rd trimester

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12
Q

How much amniotic fluid is expected at 12 weeks of gestation?

A

60 mL

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13
Q

Amniocentesis is performed after how many weeks of gestation?

A

14 weeks

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14
Q

Chromosome analysis for amniotic fluid samples is done after how many weeks of gestation?

A

16 weeks

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15
Q

Maximum volume of amniotic fluid that can be extracted for testing

A

30 mL

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16
Q

The first ___ collected through amniocentesis should be discarded

A

2-3 mL

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17
Q

Optimal temperature of specimen for fetal lung maturity

A

Refrigerated/ frozen

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18
Q

T/F: Samples for fetal lung maturity should be centrifuged at high speed

A

False (low speed; can also be filtered)

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19
Q

Up to how much time is allowed for fetal lung maturity sample to be tested?

A

72 hours

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20
Q

Optimal temperature of specimen for cytogenetic and microbial studies

A

Room temperature

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21
Q

Which amniotic fluid test/s require/s to be incubated at 37C prior to analysis?

A

Cytogenetic/ Microbial studies

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22
Q

Which amniotic fluid test/s require/s to be separated from cellular elements and debris ASAP through filtration and centrifugation?

A

Chemical test

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23
Q

Bilirubin value, in light exposure, is markedly decreased within ___

A

30 minutes

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24
Q

What test can be done to determine the source of blood?

A

Kleihauer-Betke test

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25
Between amniotic fluid and urine, which will be positive for fern test?
Amniotic fluid
26
A positive fern test indicates the presence of ___
Protein and NaCl
27
How much creatinine should be present in the amniotic fluid?
<3.5 mg/dL
28
How much urea should be present in the amniotic fluid?
<30 mg/dL
29
How much creatinine should be present in the urine?
>10 mg/dL
30
How much urea should be present in the urine?
>300 mg/dL
31
A positive ___ test indicates premature rupture of membrane (PROM)
Nitrazine test
32
A vaginal pH of ___ may indicate premature rupture of membrane (PROM)
4.5-6.0 (higher than normal)
33
Normal pH of the amniotic fluid
7.1 to 7.3
34
Analyte detected in Amnisure ROM test
PAMG-1 (Placental Alpha Macroglobulin)
35
Principle of Amnisure ROM test
Immunochromatography
36
This POCT PROM test is not affected by blood, urine, and semen
Actim PROM
37
Principle of Actim PROM
Rapid Immunoassay
38
Analyte detected in Actim PROM
IGFBP-1 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1)
39
An immunoassay that detects PROM
ROM Plus
40
Analyte/s detected in ROM Plus
AFP, IGFBP-1
41
Positive result for nitrazine test
Dark blue
42
Positive result for ferning test
Crystallization pattern (arborization - fern)
43
What is the expected color of the normal amniotic fluid?
Colorless
44
What is the expected color of the amniotic fluid that in hemolytic disease of the newborn?
Yellow
45
A dark green amniotic fluid indicates presence of ___
Meconium
46
What is the expected color of amniotic fluid that is indicated in fetal death?
Dark red-brown
47
Which analyte in amniotic fluid measures the extent of hemolysis and the danger of the anemia?
Bilirubin
48
Amniotic fluid bilirubin is measured spectrophotometrically at what wavelength?
365 nm and 550 nm
49
50
When bilirubin is present, a rise in OD is seen at what wavelength and absorbance?
450 nm, >0.025 absorbance
51
Which zone in the Liley graph would show a mildly affected fetus?
Zone 1
52
Which zone in the Liley graph would show a moderate hemolysis?
Zone 2
53
Which zone in the Liley graph would require careful monitoring anticipating an early delivery or exchange transfusion upon delivery?
Zone 2
54
Which zone in the Liley graph would show a severe hemolysis and suggest a severely affected fetus?
Zone 3
55
In the case of Liley graph having a zone 3 result, what action/s must be considered?
Induced labor/ intrauterine exchange transfusion
56
A modified Liley curve that predicts hemolytic crisis
Queenan curve
57
Queenan curve uses what wavelength?
450 nm
58
The Queenan curve is used at what week of gestation?
14-40
59
A major protein produced by the fetal liver before 18 weeks
Alpha-Feto Protein (AFP)
60
Which amniotic analyte would detect neural tube defects?
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
61
An increased AFP is suggestive of ___
Neural tube defects
62
A decreased AFP is suggestive of ___
Down syndrome
63
Confirmatory test for amniotic fluid that uses spectrophotometry
Acetylcholinesterase
64
Most frequent complication of early delivery
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
65
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is the ___ most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the premature infant
7th
66
Caused by an insufficiency of lung surfactant production and immaturity of the fetal lungs
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
67
Normal L/S ratio for amniotic fluid
>/= 2.0
68
OD of a normal amniotic fluid
>/= 0.150
69
Foam stability index of a normal amniotic fluid
>/= 47
70
How much lamellar bodies are normally seen in amniotic fluid?
>/= 32 000/ mL
71
T/F: A normal amniotic fluid would show a negative amniostat-FLM result
False
72
Foam or shake test result for a normal amniotic fluid sample
Continuous line of bubbles
73
Primary component of the surfactants at 35th week
Lecithin
74
Lipid produced at a constant rate after 26 weeks
Sphingomyelin
75
Reference method for testing the fetal lung maturity through L/S ratio
TLC
76
When the L/S ratio reaches ___, a preterm delivery is usually considered to be relatively safe procedure
2.0
77
Effect of the presence of blood or meconium in fetal lung maturity
False increase
78
An L/S ratio of ___ indicates less than 35th week of gestation
1.6
79
Amniostat FLM phosphatidylglycerol is detected at how many weeks of gestation?
35
80
Which analyte is detected in the foam test for amniotic fluid?
Phospholipid
81
What reagent is added to the amniotic fluid for the foam test?
95% ethanol (antifoaming agent)
82
A test for amniotic fluid that determines the highest concentration of 95% ethanol that is able to support a ring of foam
Foam stability index
83
An excellent screening tool for FLM
Microviscosity
84
In microviscosity, which is used as an internal standed?
Albumin
85
Normal value of microviscosity in amniotic fluid
>55 mg/g
86
Principle involved in microviscosity test
Fluorescence polarization
87
T/F: Phospholipid increases microviscosity
False (decreases)
88
Storage forms of surfactants
Lamellar body
89
Lamellar bodies are secreted by what cells?
Type II pneumocytes
90
Lamella bodies are produced at what week of gestation?
24 weeks
91
Component of the surfactant
90% phospholipids 10% proteins
92
Principle involved in lamellar body count
Resistance pulse counting
93
Which FLM test could utilize platelet channel hematology analyzers?
Lamellar body count
94
An OD of ___ indicates an L/S ratio of >/= 2.0
0.015
95
LFM through spectrophotometry is done at what wavelength?
650 nm
96
FLM test that detects the presence of phosphatidyl glycerol
OD at 650 nm

MT6328 (22 decks)

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