4-1 (done perman)

Question 1

Which part of fatty acid is hydrophilic

Answer 1

COO-

Question 2

Free fatty acids are stored as what

Answer 2

TRI-ACYL-GLYCEROL

Question 3

TAGs are (soluble or not) in water

Answer 3

not soluble

Question 4

How are TAGs transported in blood

which other are transported in same way

Answer 4

packaged in lipoprotein

cholesterol

Question 5

lipoprotein

• core (what is here)
• shell (what is here)

2 examples each

Answer 5

• hydrophobic core (TAG and cholesterol)

- outer shell of amphipathic molecules (unesterified cholesterol and apo-lipo-protein)

Question 6

cholesterol and fatty acid chain are attached to the # OH end by ?? enzyme

Answer 6

3
ACAT

MN: attaches chain at three

Question 7

cholesterol is important for what three things

Answer 7

• bile
• steroid
• cell memebrane

BaSiC

Question 8

(liver/muscle) glycogen will be exported to other tissues

OPP: this glycogen is used locally only

BUT where is glycogen mostly synthesized after a meal

Answer 8

liver-other

muscle-local

mostly syn-skeletal muscle

Question 9

what’s the function of glycogenin

Answer 9

it is a core primer protein for glycogen

Question 10

arachidonic has # carbons and # double bonds

Answer 10

a-20 c and 4 db

Question 11

phosphorylase is specific for a 1 # glycosidic bonds

Answer 11

4

Question 12

phosphorylase is (active/inactive) when phosphorylated

opp for synthase

Answer 12

p-Active

s-Inactive

Question 13

glucose is (activatory/inhibitory) when it is the end product of glycogen breakdown

Answer 13

INH

Question 14

which pathway among all the pathways we’ve learned about involves cascade amplification

Answer 14

glycogen metabolism

Question 15

which pathway involves reciprocal regulation

Answer 15

glycogen metabolism

Question 16

what’s the most common enzyme def in humans

Answer 16

G 6 P D def

Question 17

GAG are composed of “” units

how long can they be

Answer 17

repeating disaccharide

over 100 sugars

Question 18

GAG are/are not slippery

therefore they are good for what

Answer 18

slippery

serve as body fluids

Question 19

In most cases, GAGs are found in what form

Answer 19

proteoglycan

Question 20

example of proteglycan and its importance in body

Answer 20

CHON-DRO-I-TIN sulfate

composes cartilage

Question 21

which disease is a major target for gene therapy research

Answer 21

mucopolysaccharidoses (bc they are enzyme disorders)

Question 22

how are proteoglycan and glycoprotein DIFFERENT

glycoprotein are often linked to what groups

Answer 22

Glycoprotein has shorter carb chains

asparagine (N linked)
serine or threonine (O linked)

Question 23

read: process of carb attaching to proteins is called glycosylation

Answer 23

-

Question 24

Which organ has zymogen granules

Answer 24

pancreas

Question 25

pancreas is breaking down and is unhealthy…what do you detect in blood

Answer 25

lipase and amylase

Question 26

other than produce bile AND store glycogen, liver synthesizes what proteins

Answer 26

clotting factor and albumin

Question 27

function of canaliculi

Answer 27

carries bile (read: eventually forms bile ductules)

Question 28

Gallbladder muscularis contracts in response to what hormone

Answer 28

CCK (read: then sends bile into common bile duct)

Question 29

Palmitic fat has # carbons

Answer 29

16 c

Question 30

Which organ has NO muscularis mucosa and NO sub-mucosa

Answer 30

Gallbladder

Question 31

HDL has what type of Apo (other than C2 and E)

Answer 31

Apo A 1

not Apo B 100

Question 32

INDICATOR of decreased muscle mass

INDICATOR of liver damage

Answer 32

low urine creatinine

liver-high AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and high ALT (Alanine aminotransferase)

Question 33

salivary glands produce what two enzymes

Answer 33

1 kallikrein (converts kininogen to bradykinin, a vasodilator) 
2 amylase (carb digestion)

Question 34

Linoleic has # carbons and # double bonds

Lino lenic ?

Answer 34

leic = 18 C and 2 DB

lenic = 18 C and 3 DB