Anytime (perman done) (10.8)

Question 1

to know which reactant in heme synthesis is able to absorb light…what do you have to know

Answer 1

porphyrin absorbs light

Question 2

LCAT converts nascent HDL to mature HDL via what mec

Answer 2

esterify cholesterol

Question 3

ETF function

Answer 3

needed in first step in beta oxidation

Question 4

what marks the transition from retroperitoneal duodenum to intraperitoneal jejunum

Answer 4

suspensory ligament of duodenum

Question 5

what ligament attaches the left colic flexure to the diaphragm

Answer 5

phrenicocolic ligament

Question 6

circular folds

• what are they
• where

Answer 6

invaginations of mucosal lining in DD

Question 7

what is a barium swallow

Answer 7

patient swallows barium

so that you can visualize the esophagus in a radiograph

Question 8

esophageal hiatus is found in what organ

Answer 8

diaphragm

Question 9

diverticula can (verb) arteries, leading to hemorrhage

Answer 9

erode

Question 10

what diseases are linked to Xanthoma

Answer 10

• chylomicronemia

- type 1 glycogen storage disease (also leads to fatty buildup on liver)

Question 11

CETP function

Answer 11

transfers VLDL TAG to HDL

transfers HDL cholesterol ester to VLDL

Question 12

which apo mediates chylomicron remnant uptake by the liver

which Apo is linked to aterosclerosis

Answer 12

liver-Apo E

ath-Apo A

Question 13

familial hyper cholestero lemia is caused by

Answer 13

LDL receptor mutation

Question 14

total cholesterol eq

Answer 14

VLDL + LDL + HDL

Question 15

lab values for

CM 
VLDL 
IDL - skip  
LDL 
HDL

Answer 15

CM -TG 
VLDL - TG 
IDL 
LDL - total cholesterol (indirectly measured)  
HDL - directly measured

Question 16

LDL clearance problem is due to what things

dyslipidemia is caused by what things

Answer 16

LDL receptor defect
Apo B 100 problem

dys 
1 mutation in lipase 
2 mut in Apo B 100 
3 mut in LDL R 
4 mut in Apo C 2

Question 17

% values for what defines dyslipidemia

Answer 17

cholesterol, TG, LDL are over 90%

HDL is below 10%

Question 18

why does HDL have an anti atherogenic effect

Answer 18

excess cholesterol is dumped onto HDL

Question 19

tongue is derived from what kind of derm

Answer 19

pharyngeal endoderm

Question 20

periodontal ligament attaches what to what

Answer 20

tooth to bone

Question 21

dentin is from what derm

Answer 21

neural crest

Question 22

enamel is from what derm

Answer 22

ectoderm

Question 23

papilla is from what derm

Answer 23

neural crest

read: papilla comprises pulp

Question 24

which cells have tomes fibers

tomes processes

Answer 24

fibers - odontoblast

pro - ameloblast

Question 25

the terms mucous and serous are classifying what

Answer 25

acini glandular cell | in salivary gland

Question 26

in liver, glucose transport is controlled by (insulin/glucose) how about in muscle

Answer 26

liver - glucose (LG) muscle - insulin

Question 27

PLP, biotin, THF, SAM, THB are cofactors in AA (anabolism/cata)

Answer 27

catabolism

Question 28

centroacinar cell is found in what organ

Answer 28

pancreas

Question 29

insulin vs. glucagon and ??

Answer 29

epinephrine

Question 30

congenital lactic acidosis is due to

Answer 30

1 already know about the genetic pathway (mother mito gene etc) 2 def in pyruvate dehydrogenase (norm: py -> ACA) cannot use pyruvate so lactate compensates

Question 31

what causes sudden infant death syndrome what causes severe combined immunodef disease

Answer 31

SIDS - infant - MCAD SCID - immunodef - ADA

Question 32

which disease is always part of the newborn screen

Answer 32

PKU

Question 33

which of the proteins mentioned in Winkler's lecture has the shortest half life? longest?

Answer 33

short - retinol binding protein longest - albumin

Question 34

folds in SI are called what

Answer 34

plicae

Question 35

is spleen considered part of the foregut

Answer 35

NO

Question 36

fuels of hepatic GNG

Answer 36

lactate (glucose) alanine (AA) glycerol (fat)

Question 37

there's only one vein in the adrenal gland (vs three arteries) name the vein

Answer 37

suprarenal vein

Question 38

what ligaments form the openings for the psoas major muscle how about for quadratus lumborum muscle?

Answer 38

psoas - medial arcuate ligament q - lateral AL

Question 39

surgeons can repair an aneurysm - how detailed

Answer 39

1 open the aneurysm, insert a graft, and sew back the wall of ab aorta 2 catheter

Question 40

median um fold/ligament is formed by what

Answer 40

urachus

Question 41

decreased muscle mass indicator

Answer 41

low creatine | in urine

Question 42

LPL def symptom

Answer 42

elevated TG

Question 43

Pompe disease mec and symptom

Answer 43

glycogen degraded in lysosomes via acid maltase/lysosomal glucosidase def in enzyme (acid maltase) neonatal cardiomyopathy

Question 44

mec of homo cystinuria

Answer 44

def in cystathionine synthase

Question 45

most common heme synthesis defect

Answer 45

P cutanea tarda | PCT

Question 46

read: def in ferrochelatase = disease is called erythropoetic porphyria

Answer 46

-