Anytime (done perman) (m-10.6)

Question 1

in glycogen synthesis, to go from G 6 P to G 1 P, what enzyme do you need?

how about for pentose phosphate pathway

how about for glycogen 1 storage disease

Answer 1

NONE

pp-need G6PD (deh); mn=forms naDph

g1-mut in G 6 phosphatase (norm: G6p -> g6p p -> glucose)

Question 2

purine vs pyrimidine

how many rings does each have

Answer 2

pu = 2

py = 1 ring

Question 3

What effect does declining kidney function have on serum creatinine?

Answer 3

Less renal excretion causes serum creatinine to rise.

Question 4

which pathways occur both in the mito and cytosol

Answer 4

heme synthesis
urea cycle
GNG

(hugs takes two)

Question 5

what’s the rate determining enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis

Answer 5

carbamoyl phosphate synthase 2

Question 6

anaerobic glycolysis produces # ATP per glucose

Answer 6

2 ATP (net)

Question 7

biotin is a carrier for what

Answer 7

C02

Question 8

hexo vs glucokinase

• location
• Km
• induced by insulin
• feedback inhibited by G6P

Answer 8

Location

• h: most tissues
• gl: liver

Km
-h: lower (higher affinity therefore active)

Insulin

• h: NO
• g is opp

Feed…
-h: yes

Question 9

in gastric bypass/roux en Y, do you remove anything?

Answer 9

NO

actual: bypass most of stomach, DD, and first part of jeju

Question 10

what’s the surgery where you remove MOST of stomach and DD

Answer 10

bilio pancreatic diversion

Question 11

what does medical history comprise

Answer 11

CC to sexual history

AND review of systems

Question 12

list out the anthropometric measurements

Answer 12

• weight
• height
• BMI
• waist and hip circumference

Question 13

% ideal body weight is obese

how about mild malnutrition

Answer 13

o = over 150%

mm= around 80%

Question 14

what’s the % weight loss that is the default CONCERN #

what places in body do you check when you assess muscle loss due to malnutrition

Answer 14

10% or higher

interosseous muscle
temple muscle

Question 15

what’s the BMI cutoff for MALNUTRITION

Answer 15

less than 18.5

Question 16

dif bt wasting and shunting

Answer 16

w - not heavy enough

s - not tall enough

Question 17

what happens to the shoulders when you are starved

Answer 17

become squared

Question 18

when thumb and forefinger are put together, what are you looking at

Answer 18

look at interosseous muscle
-it should be flat

scooped look means malnourished

Question 19

at what other location do you look at to detect malnutrition (in terms of muscle)

Answer 19

TEMPLE

if mal, will have wrinkles (severe will have a SCOOP) in temple

Question 20

a starving person’s oral cavity will have these characteristics

Answer 20

1 dryness leading to cracks (read: no saliva)

2 fissures

Question 21

what does candidiasis look like

Answer 21

look at back of throat

at the arch, you see white spots (looks like cancer)

Question 22

how calculate % IBW

Answer 22

(actual weight / IBW) x 100

Question 23

how calculate % weight loss

Answer 23

(usual body weight - actual body weight) / (usual body weight)
x 100

Question 24

SGA stands for

specific vs sensitive

Answer 24

subjective global assessment

sp > sen

Question 25

define SGA

Answer 25

assess weight loss

Question 26

what are the three categories that patients are placed into (in SGA)

Answer 26

1 well nourished
2 suspected maln
3 severely maln

Question 27

to be classified as “malnourished” you have to be positive for # out of 6 characteristics

Answer 27

2 (wow! that’s a low threshold)

Question 28

prealbumin function and manifests in what disease/condition

Answer 28

binds thyroxine

high in kidney failure

Question 29

The anastomosis between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries provides an anastomosis between what areas

why is this imp to know

Answer 29

Bt subclavian artery and external iliac artery

this anastomosis provides blood flow from subclavian to lower limb

Question 30

name the only purely ketogenic AA

Answer 30

lysine

leucine

Question 31

pentose phosphate happens MORE in these places

Answer 31

fatty acid synthesis

• breasts
• liver

RBC

Question 32

pyruvate -> OAA enzyme

py -> ACA enzyme

Answer 32

to OAA - p carboxylase

to ACA - p dehydrogenase

Question 33

what forms caput medusae

Answer 33

small epigastric veins

Question 34

surgeons can repair an aneurysm via

Answer 34

1) graft (is an external thing that is placed on the aorta to reinforce it)
2) catheter (tube is inserted)