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Abnormal Psychology > 4-13 > Flashcards

4-13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Unique and long-term pattern of inner experience and outward behavior

A

personality

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2
Q

Particular characteristics that lead us to react in a predictable manner

A

personality traits

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3
Q

(1)long-term, rigid, patters of inner experience and behavior that leads to dysfunction in at least two-cognition, emotion, social interactions, impulsivity, (2) pattern is different from usual in culture, (3) significant distress or impairment

A

Dx for personality disorder

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4
Q

Significant distress or impairment in personality disorder typically affects who

A

those around you, because you are clueless

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5
Q

Enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs sense of self, emotional experience, goals, and capacity for empathy and/or intimacy

A

personality disorder

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6
Q

Personality disorder typically becomes recognizable when

A

adolescence or early adulthood, lasts for years

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7
Q

Has been estimated that ____ percent of all adults may have a personality disorder

A

10-15%

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8
Q

Personality disorder is often ______ with another disorder

A

COMORBID

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9
Q

Is it usually the personality disorder or the comorbid disorder that gets someone in for treatment

A

the comorbid condition

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10
Q

Three groups of DSM-5 personality disorder clusters

A

(1) odd or eccentric behavior, (2) dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior, (3) anxious or fearful behavior

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11
Q

Three W’s A, B, C mnemonic for personality disorder clusters

A

A=weird, B=wild, C=worried

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12
Q

DSM-5 personality disorder cluster A described as paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

A

Odd or eccentric behavior

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13
Q

DSM-5 personality disorder cluster B described as Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders

A

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior

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14
Q

DSM-5 personality disorder cluster C described as Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

A

Anxious or fearful behavior

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15
Q

The DSM-5 uses an approach in classifying personality groups that assumes that traits are either present or not, displayed or not, person is not troubled by traits outside disorder

A

categorical approach

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16
Q

DSM-5 categorical ______ are frequently contradicted in clinical practice

A

assumptions

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17
Q

Paranoid personality disorder, Schizoid personality disorder, Schizotypal personality disorder are part of what personality disorder cluster

A

Cluster of “odd” personality disorders, cluster A

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18
Q

People with these disorders display behaviors similar to, but not as extensive as, schizophrenia, some clinicians call them “SCHIZOPHRENIA-SPECTRUM DISORDERS”

A

“Odd” Personality Disorders

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19
Q

Disorder that is distrustful and paranoid of people, but does not equal delusion, see threats everywhere, hidden meaning everywhere, quick to challenge people especially loyalty, come off as cold and distant, see people they work with as weak and incompetent, +men than women, 4% total pop, eg Stalin, Hussein, Nixon, Hitler

A

Paranoid personality disorder

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20
Q

These theorists explain paranoid personality disorder by tracing back to demanding parents, distant, rigid fathers, mothers rejecting and overcontrolling

A

psychodynamic theorists

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21
Q

These theorists explain paranoid personality disorder by suggesting that maladaptive assumptions cause disorder, eg “people are evil and eill attack you if given chance”

A

cognitive theorists

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22
Q

These theorists explain paranoid personality disorder by looking at genetic causes eg twin studies that support this model

A

biological theorists

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23
Q

Treatment for paranoid personality disorder is hard because

A

Few come to treatment willingly; others distrust and rebel against their therapists

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24
Q

Therapy approach that works on a persons deep with for a satisfying relationship to treat paranoid personality disorder

A

object relations therapy

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25
Therapy approach that involves getting control of anxiety and improving interpersonal skills, looking at more realistic interpretation of other’s words and actions to treat paranoid personality disorder
cognitive-behavioral therapy
26
Therapy approach that is not useful for treating paranoid personality disorder
drug therapy
27
Personality disorder that avoids relationships with people, limited emotional expression, withdrawn and reclusive, self-focused, flat, cold, dull, genuinely prefer to be alone, no effort to make friends, little interest in sex, indifferent to families, unaffected by praise or criticism, rarely show feelings at all, no need for attention or acceptance, succeed at being ignored, 3.1% pop, more men than women
Schizoid Personality Disorder
28
These theorists explain schizoid personality disorder by linking schizoid personality disorder to unsatified need for human contact
psychodynamic / object relations theorists
29
These theorists explain schizoid personality disorder by proposing that those with schizoid personality disorder also suffer from deficiencies in their thinking, inaccurate perceptions from environment, inability to pick up emotional cues from other people and respond
cognitive theorists
30
Treatment for schizoid personality disorder is hard because
Social withdrawal and reluctance to enter into or participate in therapy
31
Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that focuses on thinking about emotions, learning how to identify people’s emotions and self-emotions
Cognitive-behavioral therapists
32
Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that focus on teaching social skills
Behavioral therapists
33
Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that offers a safe environment for social contact
Group therapy
34
Therapy approach to treat schizoid personality disorder that is of little benefit
Drug therapy
35
Personality disorder that looks and feels the most like schizophrenia, involves a range of interpersonal problems like ideas of reference or bodily illusions, avoid interpersonal relationships, bizarre magical superstitious thinking, trouble paying attention, going off on tangents, loose associations
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
36
Thinking that unrelated events pertain to you, but does not cross into delusional
Ideas of Reference
37
Sensing an abnormal presence
Bodily Illusions
38
Schizoid with magical thinking, eg Kramer
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
39
Theoretical approach with the most support for Schizotypal Personality Disorder
biological
40
High dopamine, family conflict and psychological disorders in parents, high activity of dopamine, enlarged ventricles, smaller temporal lobes, loss of gray matter, short term memory problems
Biological factors of Schizotypal Personality Disorder
41
Over half of people with Schizotypal Personality Disorder suffer from what other disorder in their lives
major depression
42
Approach for Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Try to teach clients to objectively evaluate their thoughts and perceptions and provide speech lessons and social skills training
Cognitive-behavioral therapists
43
Approach for Schizotypal Personality Disorder, (antipsychotic drugs) appears to be somewhat helpful in reducing certain thought problems
Drug therapy
44
Cluster B of "dramatic" personality disorders that includes Antisocial personality disorder, Borderline personality disorder, Histrionic personality disorder, Narcissistic personality disorder
"Dramatic" Personality Disorders
45
Behaviors are so dramatic, emotional, or erratic that it is almost impossible for them to have relationships that are truly giving and satisfying, causes not understood, treatments of little effect
Cluster B "Dramatic" Personality Disorders
46
Personality disorder characterized by extreme emotionality and attention-seeking, “on-stage,” need approval and praise, vain, self-centered, demanding, 2-3% adults, equal men and women, can include extreme sexuality, regression as defense mechanism, eg Madonna, Paris Hilton
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
47
Theoretical approach that explains histrionic personality disorder by saying that they experienced unhealthy relationships with parents as children, cold, unloving, afraid of abandonment
psychodynamic theorists
48
Theoretical approach that explains histrionic personality disorder by saying that they lack substance and are extremely suggestible
cognitive theorists
49
Theoretical approach that explains histrionic personality disorder by saying that disorder is caused in part by society’s norms and expectations
sociocultural and multicultural theorists
50
Type of therapist that treats Histrionic Personality Disorder by trying to change belief that they are helpless and develop better ways of thinking and problem solving
Cognitive therapists
51
Type of therapist that treats Histrionic Personality Disorder by helping clients deal with their dependency
psychodynamic and group therapy
52
Type of therapy that treats Histrionic Personality Disorder with medication, less successful, except for depression
Drug therapy
53
Personality disorder characterized by grandiose behavior, need for much admiration, feeling no empathy with others, arrogant, exaggerate achievements, vein, egotistical, sense of entitlement, no patience, preoccupied with power and prestige, exploits others to gain status, passive aggressive
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
54
Behavior is common among normal teenagers and does not usually lead to adult narcissism
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
55
As much as _____ percent of adults display narcissistic personality disorder; up to _____ percent of these are men
6.2 percent, 75 percent
56
Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by focusing on cold, rejecting parents
Psychodynamic theorists
57
Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by interpreting grandiose self-presentation as a way for people to feel self-sufficient and without need of warm relationships
object-relations theorists
58
Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by proposing that narcissistic personality disorder may develop when people are treated too positively rather than too negatively early in life
cognitive-behavioral theorists
59
Type of therapist that explains Narcissistic Personality Disorder by seeing a link between narcissistic personality disorder and “eras of narcissism” in society
sociocultural theorists
60
One of the most difficult personality patterns to treat, clients who consult therapists usually do so because of a related disorder, most commonly depression
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
61
Once in treatment, the individuals with this personality disorder may try to manipulate the therapist into supporting their sense of superiority, no treatment approach has had major success
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
62
Cluster letter of "anxious" personality disorders
cluster C “worried”
63
Three disorders in cluster of "anxious" personality disorders
Avoidant personality disorder, Dependent personality disorder, Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
64
Are there direct links between anxiety and depressive disorders
no
65
Anxious personality disorder similar to Social Anxiety Disorder characterized by discomfort and inhibitions in social situations, feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, do not have friends but would like to have them, insecure, shy, afraid of rejection
Avoidant Personality Disorder
66
Type of therapist that explains Avoidant Personality Disorder by focusing mainly on the general sense of shame felt; early toileting experiences, from anal stage of development
psychodynamic theorists
67
Type of therapist that explains Avoidant Personality Disorder by believing that harsh criticism and rejection in early childhood leads people to assume that their environment will always judge them harshly
cognitive theorists
68
Type of therapist that explains Avoidant Personality Disorder by suggesting that people with this disorder typically fail to develop normal social skills because they were never rewarded for positive social behavior
behavioral theorists
69
General overview of treatment approach for Avoidant Personality Disorder
acceptance and affection in therapy, treatments have had modest success
70
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for Avoidant Personality Disorder that helps by providing social interaction
group therapy format
71
Type of drugs that are also sometimes useful for Avoidant Personality Disorder
antianxiety and antidepressant drugs
72
Type of anxious personality disorder characterized by pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of; clinging and obedient, fear of separation from loved ones, willing to surrender important medical and financial decisions, very agreeable with caretakers
Dependent Personality Disorder
73
Anxious personality disorder that increases risk for depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicidal thoughts
Dependent Personality Disorder
74
Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by saying that they are fixated at the oral stage, over-involved, and over-protective behaviors
psychodynamic theorists
75
Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by saying that early parental loss or rejection is the cause
object-relations theorists
76
Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by arguing that unintentional rewards of needy behavior caused it
behaviorists
77
Type of therapist that explains Dependent Personality Disorder by proposing belief two maladaptive attitudes-- belief in self-inadequacy or belief that one must have another person to cope causes (Albert Ellis)
cognitive theorists
78
Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that focuses on issues similar to depression
psychodynamic theorists
79
Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that helps clients challenge and change their two maladaptive assumptions
Cognitive-behavioral therapists
80
Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that is helpful when depression is manifested
Antidepressant drug therapy
81
Treatment for Dependent Personality Disorder that provides clients opportunity for peer support and modeling
Group therapy
82
Anxiety personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with order, perfection, and control that those with this disorder lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency, lack of affection, superficial relationships, devoted to work, upset if they can’t be in control
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
83
Biggest difference between OCD disorder and O-C Personality Disorder
OCD people have insight into their disorder, turning the lock 12 times makes no sense but makes them feel better; O-C Personality disorder do not have insight
84
Type of therapist that explains Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder with lots of reason but little research
psychodynamic theorists
85
Type of therapist that explains Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder by referring to anal regressive/retentive from overly harsh toilet training during the anal stage of development
Freudian theorists
86
Type of therapist that explains Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder by offering limited theories about origins of disorder, but propose that illogical thinking processes maintain the disorder
cognitive theorists
87
Anxiety personality disorder that is difficult to treat because people usually do not believe that anything is wrong with them, will go for another cause or if someone close to them demands they go; responds well to SSRIs, cognitive, and psychodynamic therapy
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
88
Term for turning emotions on and off like a light switch
Labile emotions

Abnormal Psychology (13 decks)

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