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Micro 205 Exam 1 > 4 Cells 3 > Flashcards

4 Cells 3 Flashcards

1
Q

protein characteristics

A 
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
charge
polarity 
....interactions cause folding
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2
Q

beta sheets

A

alternating hydroPhobic and Philic side chains (every other one)

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3
Q

alpha helix

A

repeating pattern of similar side chain of every 3rd amino acid

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4
Q

cysteine cysteine bonds

A

covalent between polypep. chains

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5
Q

protein secretion

A

to get proteins from cytosol to surface and outside to do work
requires ATP
primary way: Sec 2

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6
Q

Flagella and secretion

A

motillity

external structures

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7
Q

pili and secretion

A

external

motility and adhesion

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8
Q

porins and others

A

proteins for specific transport

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9
Q

adhesions

A

adhesion
specificly sticking
like key in lock

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10
Q

toxins

A

at some conc. it will kill the cell

anything can be toxin (unless we’re talking in regards to secretions)

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11
Q

effectors

A

proteins secreted by bacteria INTO cytosol of HOST cell

via type III, type IV, type VI

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12
Q

Gram Negative secretion types

A

named by order found
Sec dependent
Sec independent

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13
Q

Sec independent

A

Type I
Type III
Type IV

doesn’t need intermembrane protein sec

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14
Q

Sec dependent

A

Type II
Type V
Type VI

does require Sec protein

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15
Q

Type II

A

specific secretion, similar to type I (specific)
ATP hydrolysis
dependent on Sec secretion system

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16
Q

Type I

A

simple
secrete a single protein
toxin secretion

independent

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17
Q

Type III

A

needle like
effectors: cytosol to cytosol
independent

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18
Q

Type IV

A

needle like
effectors: cytosol to cytosol
independent

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19
Q

Type V

A

autotransporters
sec dependent, go to periplasm
don’t use cytosolic nrg
secreted w/ enough nrg to assemble on surface or be secreted

subsets:
secrete proteins OR stay on surface

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20
Q

what do all secretion systems have in common?

A

how bacteria do work outside of cell

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21
Q

Toxins

A

lethal signaling to human cells

high enough conc when Endo-A or Peptidoglycan, apoptosis

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22
Q

Endotoxin-Lipid A

A

REVIEW

23
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

proinflammator/immunostimulatory

24
Q

Protein Based Toxins

A

produced by bacteria, actively change human cells (negatively)

IgA protease
Clostridial toxins (tetanis toxin)
A-B toxins (2 subuints, A and B) (Shiga toxin)
25
Q

A subunit

A

interacts with host protein to KILL cells

26
Q

B subunit

A

delivers A subunit to host cytosol

27
Q

Shiga Toxin (AB example)

A

changes ribosomes so they can’t function

cleaves rRNA

28
Q

IgA Protease

A

secreted proteins specifically modify host proteins
IgA is a type of antibody found in mucous of body
PROTEASE cleaves it so you can’t recognize the problems

29
Q

Endotoxins

A

surface acting toxins
signal in cell causes death
lipid A

30
Q

Hemolysin

A

pore forming toxins

similar to AB, but just poke a hole and cytosol leaks out

31
Q

Anthraz/ AB toxins

A

recognized on surface
get in cell
A portion causes death

32
Q

Effectors

A

syringe

death

33
Q

Autotransporters (Type V)

A 
large proteins
structure to get through outer membrane and stick out to world 
bacterial tool box, many different effector domains possible on tip
function as:
-enzymes
-adhesins
-toxins
-hemolysins
34
Q

examples of Autotransporters

A

IgA protease: cleavage of host proteins
YadA: Adhesion to host
FhaAL adhesion to blood cells
BimA/ActA: actin motility in host cell

35
Q

Type III: Needle

A

GRAM NEGATIVE
secretion across THREE membranes (bacterial inner and outer, host)
virulence

36
Q

Type IV: Needle

A 
Pilus associated
Conjugation: horizontal transfer of DNA
secretion of DNA ad protein across 3 membranes
examples:
- H. pylori: proteins to host
-A. tumefaciens: DNA to host
-E. Coli
37
Q

Plant example: Agobacterium tumefaciens

A

type 4 secretion… secrete DNA into plants

  • DNA means make very specific sugar which supports A. tumefaciens (and only this can use it)
  • huge tumor
  • but tree is still healthy :)
  • bacteria can thrive in this specific (self created) niche
    application: in lab, you can put any gene you want on it!
38
Q

Adhension

A

increase opportunity to be in a place to replicate
sticking to specific molecular strucutres, like surace of host cell

how bacteria percieve the world

stick to food

39
Q

motility

A

twitiching: solid surface
gliding: smooth directional movement, semsolid surface
swimming: movement in fluid

40
Q

type 5 secretion and actin motility

A

causes actin polymerization
this allows for movement
bacteria pushed by actin

41
Q

Type I pili

A 
adhesion
requires chaperone and usher
gram plus and minus 
3 proteins (pili, chap. usher)
rigid

inert protein on surface, job is to adhere

42
Q

chaperone

A

in cytosol

prevents polymerization in cytosol

43
Q

usher

A

in periplasm

prevents polymerization in periplasm

44
Q

Type IV Pili: Retractile

A

twitching and gliding motility
DNA uptake
Manipulation of host cell
made of may proteins

extend pili, stick to surface, retract

45
Q

twitching

A

random

46
Q

gliding

A

single direction

47
Q

consequences of Retractile (Type 4) pili

A

pull on surface of the cell collectively to trick the human cell into not having an immune response
(Gonorrhea)

48
Q

Flagella

A

multi protein
motility
struture with motor rather than needle

likely evolved from type 3 secretion

49
Q

Flagella… how bacteria find their way

A

to food… due to concentrations

can rotate in 2 directions

50
Q

counterclockwise spinning

A

Running

all flagella get together
move in straight line forward

if moving into higher conc of food

51
Q

clockwise spinning

A

tumbles

flagella all go different ways

if moving into lower conc of food

52
Q

most important thing about eukaryotes

A

they have internal membranes

53
Q

eukaryote membranes

A 
posphoipid bilayer
plasma and internal membranes
cell walls (chitin in fungi, cellulose in plants)

Micro 205 Exam 1 (9 decks)

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