THE LIST Exam 1

Question 1

Escherichia coli

Answer 1

Gram negative, rod shaped

Found in animal feces, lower intestines. Eradicated by HEAT. Some produce Shiga-like toxins. Can help with waste processing and food absorption, but can also cause disease.

Symptoms may include UTI, food poisoning, bloody diarrhea, stomach cramping, vomiting, fever or even kidney failure.

Question 2

Salmonella enterica

Answer 2

Gram negative, rod shaped, flagellated

Causes typhoid fever. Capable or aerobic respiration and fermentation. Causes about 30% of foodborne illnesses

Question 3

Shigella dysenteriae

Answer 3

Gram negative, rod shaped uncapsulated

Causes dysentery. May be life threatening. Diarrhea, dysentery, bloody stool, abdominal cramps. Causes dysentery by invading mucosa of colon. Shiga toxin causes most of pathology

Question 4

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 4

Gram positive, rod shaped.

Anaerobic respiration, part of human intestinal flora. Causes many gastrointestinal illnesss. Severity of diseases ranges from enterotoxaemia to fatal gas gangrene.

Question 5

Clostridium tetani

Answer 5

Gram positive, rod shaped looks like a drum stick when strained.

Causes tetanus , enters host through open wounds. Spores produce toxins that interfere with neurotransmitters, thus interrupting the nervous system and causing spasms or even seizures.

Question 6

Clostridium difficile

Answer 6

Looks like drumstick with bulge at both ends
Biggest nosocmial issue
Exists almost everywhere, optimal growth at human body temperature. Over buildup in intestine causes buildup of toxins and thus their negative effects. Symptoms include diarrhea, inflammation, fever, and abdominal pain.

Question 7

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 7

Rod shaped

Produces toxin botulin, which build up and cause botulism (paralytic illness). Prevents actin from functioning correctly in muscle fibers. May cause asphyxiation, impaired vision, and muscle weakness.

Question 8

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 8

causes pneumonia 
50% mortality (w/ antibiotics)
Nosocomial (hospitals)
CRE
Capsule
gram neg rod

Question 9

Cyannobacterium

Answer 9

Get energy through photosynthesis. Fix nitrogen, produce oxygen

Question 10

Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 10

rod shaped gram neg

Ticks are its vector. Causes Rocky Mountain Fever. Symptoms include fever, headache depression, nausea, and vomiting, possible skin rash. Weakened immune system results in susceptibility to other diseases.

Question 11

Rhizobium spp.

Answer 11

soil dwelling

Lives in soil Not disease causing in humans. Symbiotic relationship with plants

Question 12

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 12

Lives in soil
Gram negative. Curved and rod shaped

Number one cause of foodborne illness in US. Causes abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Also fever, headache, muscle pain, and sometimes vomiting and dehydration

Question 13

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 13

gram neg spiral

Peptic ulcers and gastritis. Weakens mucous lining of stomach. Slow growing

Question 14

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 14

comma shaped, 1 flagellum

Some pathogenic, some not. Ingested with contaminated food/water. Vomiting, watery diarrhea with “rice water” quality. Releases cholera toxin

Question 15

Vibrio fischeri

Answer 15

gram neg rod

Live in sea water and freshwater. Cholera and non cholera diseases. Infested food, esp. sea food. Non-cholera: wound infection and blood poisoning and gastroentits.

Question 16

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 16

gram neg rod. soil dwelling, fixes nitrogen

Infects through open wounds. Infects plants and causes tumors.

the tree thing that uses type IV secretion

Question 17

Nitrosomonas sp.

Answer 17

rod shaped

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Used in wastewater treatment

Question 18

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 18

gram neg, no endospores. parasitic

Causes meningitis. Transferred between people by air. Infects respiratory tract, blood, eventually brain.

Question 19

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 19

gram neg coccus

STD. infects mucous membranes.