4. Endocrinology + BioChem Flashcards
(53 cards)
In terms of the structure of the pituitary glaand, the majority of lobes are?
anterior or posterior?
anterior (75%)
Adenohypophysis forms the Rathke’s pouche which is associated with what structure of the pituitary gland?
anterior
Down growth of the hypothalamus via Neurohypophysis is what structure of the pituitary gland?
posterior
What is the most common type of pituitary tumour?
Adenomas –> Prolactinoma
the thyroid is found on which vertebrae levels?
5 - 7th
The thyroid derives from what in terms of embryology?
Foregut
RET / NTRK1 / BRAF V600E mutations are associated with what in the thyroid
malignant tumour –> Papillary carcinoma
What type of nodule is present in follicular carcinoma (most common)
90% solitary nodule
What syndromes are associated with Hyperparathyrodism
MEN1 + MEN2 Syndrome
Secondary parathyrodism occurs in what?
Hyperplasia of glands with elevated PTH in response to HYPOCALCAEMIA
tertiaray parathyrodism occurs with what?
longstanding secondary hyperparathyroidism
Prolonged exposure of cortisol leads to what?
Cushings syndrome
Conn’s syndrome =
what releases aldosterone?
Hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal Cortex
Addisons disease =
primary adrenal cortical insufficiency
Most common cause of addisons diseasae
Auto immune
Phaechromocytoma
what does it affect
Catecholamine secreting tumour
adrenal medulla
What is phaeachromocytoma associated with? (syndrome)
MEN2a / MEN2b Syndrome
Cortical bone =
is it the majority of bone?
hard outer layer
yes = 80%
Trabecular bone =
inner spongy layer
TRAP + Cathepsin K + RANKL are associated with what enzyme
Osteoclasts
osteoclasts can be found where?
Bone pits
what 3 molecules are involved in the regulation of osteoclasts
PTH + Calcitonin + IL- 6
Bisphosphonates can be used in what?
how does it work
Osteoporosis
Ingested by osteoclasts so they stop ingesting bone
Lytic bone metastasis involves what?
Destruction of normal bone
