9. Soft tissue (MSK) Flashcards by ryan seed

What structures are affected in soft tissue tumours

Non-epithelial extra-skeletal structures

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Soft tissue tumours originate from what?

Mesoderm

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What is the most common soft tissue tumour?

Benign tumour

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What is the malignant soft tissue tumour called?

Sarcoma

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Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a type of what soft tissue?

Neurofibroma

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Gardner syndrome has what type of soft tissue tumour?

Fibromatosis

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Carney syndrome has what type of soft tissue tumour?

Myxoma

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Turner syndrome has what type of soft tissue tumour?

Cystic hygroma

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A benign cartilage tumour

Chondroma

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Osteosarcomas are commonly found where?

Knee

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What syndrome is associated with systemic sclerosis

CREST

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What is associated with polymyalgia Rheumatica

Giant cell arteritis

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Myopathy definition

Muscle disease not affected by neuromuscular junction // innervation

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Myositis definition

Inflammation of muscle fibres + overlying skin

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Malignant hyperthermia presents itself especially during what?

Px under general anaesthetics

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Dark brown urine is indicative of what?

what is the medical term?

Destruction of skeletal muscle

Myoglobinuria

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Most common type of joint disease

Osteoarthritis

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What type of structure is formed in osteoarthritis?

Bony spurs

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give 2 examples of secondary osteoarthritis causes

Basketball players

Baseball players

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What type of cysts form in osteoarthritis

Subchondral cysts

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What type of cell is found in osteoarthritis?

What does it do

Chondrocytes => IL-1 => Matrix breakdown

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Prostaglandins found in osteoarthritis do what?

Prevent matrix synthesis

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What type of synovitis is produced in Rheumatoid arthritis?

Non suppurative proliferative synovitis

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Synoviocyte hyperplasia =>

Pannus

** found in RA

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What does the Pannus erode into in RA?

Subchondral bone

What is ankylosis? What disease is this found in?

Fusion of bones ==> RA

What viruses are associated with RA?

EBV /// Borrelia (Lyme disease)

What is a good diagnosis of RA?

Detection of neutrophils in synovial fluid

Tophi is the formation of what?

Crystallization of urates

Hyperuricemia is the end product of what?

Purine Metabolism

Secondary Osteoporosis is caused by what?

Endocrine disorders => Hyper PTH // DDM

Paget's disease is caused by what (virally)?

Paramyxovirus

What hallmark is found in Paget's disease?

Mosaic pattern of cells

Hyperparathyroidism leads to what (calcium)

Hypercalcaemia ***PTH released in low Ca

Subacute dermatitis has what type of exudate?

Reduced amount

Acute dermatitis has what type of exudate?

Weeping excudate

Chronic dermatitis has what type of hyperplasia present? What does the skin feel like

Epidermal Hyperplasia Leathery

Atopic Eczema is what type of hypersens?

Type 1

Contact allergic dermatitis is what type of hypersens?

Type 4

What genes are involved in psoriaasis? Chromosomes?

PSORS genes 6p2

Lichen Planus is what type of hypersens?

Type 4

Lupus Erythematosus affects what?

Connective tissue

Discoid Lupus Vs Systemic Lupus

Discoid ==> Skin only Systemic ==> Visceral w/skin

Dermatomyositis has what type of rash present

Heliotropic rash

Pemphigus has a loss of cohesion between what? What type of blister is formed?

No cohesion between keratinocytes Intraepidermal blister

What type of blister is formed in Bullous Pemphigoid

Sub epidermal blister

What type of blister ruptures easily

Intraepidermal blister => Rupture easily Sub-epidermal blister => Hard to rupture

Dermatitis Herpetiformis is associated with what disease?

Coeliac disease

What is the most common malignant skin tumour?

Basal cell carcinoma

A rodent ulcer is associated with what carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma causes are associated with what? (2)

Sun exposed Exposure to hydrocarbons

Melanocytes originate from what? (embro)

Neural crest

Are Naevi benign

Yes Benign collection of melanocytes

What type of mutations are present in melanomas

BRAF

Gardasil = >

HPV vaccine

what type of HPV causes cancers

16 / 18

Pilonidal cysts are associated with what

Ingrowing of hair

What part of the skin layers are affected in cellulitis

Dermis + Subcutaenous fat => Lymphatics

Type 1 Necrotising fasciitis is associated with what type of bac?

Gram Negative

Type 2 Necrotising fasciitis is associated with what type of bac?

Group A strep

Type 3 Necrotising fasciitis is associated with what type of bac?

Vibrio Vulnificus

Crepitus is associated with what type of gangrene?

Gas gangrene

Spirochete => What is it associated with (disease)

Spiral shaped bacteria Syphilis

primary syphilis key hallmark?

Chancre => Painless ulcer at point of contact

papilloma =>

Benign epithelial tumour

Nasal Polyps are triggered by what?

Allergic irritation or infection

Samter's triad What is it associated with (what condition)

Nasal polyps // Asthma // Aspirin Intolerance Nasal Polyps

In nasal polyps, what is the predominant cell type in an infectious cause? And in an allergic type?

Neutrophils => Infection Eosinophils => Allergic

Wickham striae is generally found in what condition?

Oral lichen planus

Epiglottis cause

Haemophillis influenza type B

Vocal cord poylps // nodules can be caused by what trauma? What nodes form?

Phonatory trauma Singers nodes

Sialadenitis =>

Infection of the salivary gland

Bacterial sialandenitis occurs in people with what?

Xerostomia (Dry mouth)

Viral sialadenitis occurs in people with what?

mumps

Ranula -> Where does it generally affect (structure / part)

Mucous retention cyst Floor of mouth

Majority of salivary neoplasms are what? What gland does it affect

Pleomorphic adenoma Parotid gland

Warthin tumour Malignant or benign?

Benign

Majority of malignant neoplasms in oral cavity are what?

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

Where do oral squamous cell carcinomas affect the most? Where do they least affect?

Lower lip => Most common Uvula => Least common

What side is genearlly affected in laryngeal cancer?

Unilateral in larynx

Common symptom of laryngeal cancer?

hoarseness of voice

salmon pink scaly plaque = ?

Psoriasis

keratin layer + nodule could indicate what kinda of carcinoma?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

central depression, pearly appearance, telangiectasia are characteristic of what?

Basal cell carcinoma

laryngeal dysplasia 2 predisposing factors =>

tobacco alcohol

how much of the population is affected by psoriasis?

1-25

commonest malignant tumour, which only very rarely metastasizes?

Basal cell carcinoma

type of testing is commonly used in diagnosing soft tissue tumours?

Cytogenetic

most common salivary gland tumour location

parotid

does prostate gland metastasis spread to bone?

RB mutation is associated with what

retinoblastoma

9. Soft tissue (MSK) Flashcards

(91 cards)