TNFs and ILs

Question 1

who produces TNF the most

Answer 1

macs (TNF-alpha)
T cells (TNF-beta)
neutrophils and NK cells

Question 2

what induces TNF expression the MOST

Answer 2

endotoxins like LPS

Question 3

What does TNF do on the epithelia?

Answer 3

interacts with endothelial cells to induce ICAM, VCAM, and E selectin: permitting egress of granulocytes into inflammatory loci

Question 4

TNF is the primary mediator of what reaction

Answer 4

septic shock

Question 5

how does TNF work with neutrophils?

Answer 5

potent mediator of adherence, chemotaxis, degranulation, respiratory burst

Question 6

TNF receptor I and II

Answer 6

TNFRp75 and TNFRp55

Question 7

How does TNF deal with cancer?

Answer 7

it induces direct antitumor immunity through direct cytotic effects (apoptosis) on cancerous cells

Question 8

IL-1 is primarily produced by

Answer 8

macrophages and monocytes

Question 9

IL-1 stimulates the production of

Il-1 induces production of

Answer 9

ICAM, VCAM, and E selectin, but SECONDARILY to TNF-alpha

IL-2 via the proliferation of CD4 T lymphocytes

Question 10

What is IL-1 “second in line” to stimulate, and to whom?

Answer 10

ICAM, VCAM, E selectin, and acute phase proteins

second to TNF

Question 11

how can IL-1 be neutralized?

what system does it interact with to induce inflammatory side effects?

Answer 11

IL-1a: IL-1 receptor antagonist

CDS: fever, lethargy, sleep, anorexia

Question 12

IL-6 is the most important

Answer 12

inducer of acute phase proteins

Question 13

which is more important in inducing pyrexia, IL-6 or IL-1

Answer 13

IL-1

Question 14

which lymphocyte is IL-6 a primary inducer of?

Answer 14

Th17 and the differentiation of B cells into mature plasma cells

Question 15

IL-8

primarily produced by…
release by ____ at the onset of inflammation….
a chemotactic factor for ___ but not ____
also involved in ____ activation

Answer 15

1) macrophages
2) mast cells
3) neutrophils but not monocytes
4) neutrophil activation

Question 16

IL-12

primarily derived from
Is a _____ that consist of ____ subunits
Controls ____ via activation of ______ T cells
Activates, induces proliferation/cytotoxicity/and cytokine production of _______ via ____ stimulation
Synergizes with _____ to stimulate __________

Answer 16

1) DCs and monocytes: they produce more than B cells, PMNs and mast cells

2) heterodimer that consists of IL-12p40 and IL-12p35
3) cell mediated immunity via activation of Th1 T cells
4) NK cells via IFN-gamma stimulation
5) IL-18 (IFN-gamma sitmulation factor) to stimulat IFN-gamma release

Question 17

IL-18

Answer 17

synergist with IL-12 to release IFN-gamma

Question 18

IL-15
primarily produced by 
is MOST important in the activation of 
Similar to what other cytokine?
What do this similarity suggest?
Important for the survival of 

Chemotactic for

Answer 18

1) mononuclear phagocytic cells
2) NK cells
3) IL-2
4) T cell growth factor
5) Important for the survival CD-8 memory T cells
6) t lymphocyte chomotactiv

Question 19

IFN-gamma

primarily made by
Critical for what aspects of the immune system?
The most important cytokine for
Major activator
Synerigze with ____ to activate ___ and ____

Answer 19

1) Th1 T cells and NK cells
2) innate and adaptive
3) cell mediated immunity for intracellular pathogens
4) of intracellular killing of pathogens by MO through stimulation of phagocytosis, secretion, respiratory burstm nitric oxide production
5) IL-12 to activate MO and MK cells

Question 20

IFN-gamma has 7 effector functions.

Answer 20

stimulates killing by NK cells and neutrophis
stimulates expression of MHC class I and II
stimulates Ag presentation by APCs
stimulates cytokine production by APCs
stimulates expression of ICAM
inhibits allergic responses by suppressing by IL-4 mediated effects

has modest antiviral activity unlike IFN-alpha and IFN-beta

Question 21

Who is the ONLY inducer of IL-2?

Answer 21

IL-1, via CD4 T cells IL-1 stimulated proliferation of