Putthoff Lecture LOs 3, 4, 5

Question 1

bacterias 4 major shapes

Answer 1

1) cocci: spherical
2) bacilli: rod like
3) spiral forms: comma or S shaped, or spiral shaped
4) pleomorphic (lacks distinct shape)

Question 2

the 7 “classic” gram + bacterias

Answer 2

1) streptococcus
2) Enterococcus (strips of cocci)
3) staphylococcus (forms clusters of cocci)

4) bacillus (rods that form protective spore structures)
5) Clostridium (another spore forming rod bacteria)

6) Corynebacterium (does NOT form a spore)
7) Listeria (does NOT form a spore)

Question 3

Which gram + bacteria form spores?

Answer 3

two rod gram + bacteria:

bacillus and chlostridium

Question 4

How many of the 7 classic gram positive bacterias are “coccus” and how many are “bacilli”?

Answer 4

3 are coccus (round)
2 are rod (bacilli) and form spores
2 are rod and do not form spores

2 rods form spores (bacillus and clostridium)
2 rods do not form spores (Corneybacterium and listeria)

Question 5

Gram negative

how many cocci groups
how many spiral groups
how many are rods/pleomorphic?

Answer 5

1) two groups, both diplococci (like two coffee beans kissing)

   i. Neisseria
  ii. Moraxella 

2) 1 groups of spirals: spirochetes
3) everything else is either a rod or pleomorphic

Question 6

Mycobacteria

Answer 6

exception: weakly gram +, stain best with “acid-fast stain”

includes groups that cause tuberculosis/leprosy

Question 7

Spirochetes

Answer 7

gram (-)’, but are too small to be seen with a light microscope

bust me visualized with a darkfield microscope

Question 8

Circular Gram+

Answer 8

Enterococcis
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

Question 9

Circular Gram -

Answer 9

Neisseria

Moraxella

Question 10

Rod Gram +

Answer 10

Bacillus, Clostridium, Corneybacterium, listeria

Mycobacteria (acid-fast)

Question 11

Spiral Gram +

Answer 11

none

Question 12

Spiral Gram -

Answer 12

Treponema
Borrelia
Leptospira

Question 13

Pleomorphic Gram +

Answer 13

none

Question 14

Pleomorphic Gram -

Answer 14

Chlamydia

Rickettsiae

Question 15

Branching filamentous growth (like fungus)

gram +

Answer 15

Actinomyces (anaerobic)

Nocardia (partially acid-fast)

Question 16

Branching filamentous growth (like fungus)

gram -

Answer 16

no

Question 17

Obligate Anerobes

gram +

Answer 17

nocardia (weakly acid fast)

bacillus cereus

Question 18

Obligate Anerobes

gram -

Answer 18

Neisseria 
Pseudomonas
Bordetella
Legionella
Brucella

Question 19

Obligate anerobes

acid fast staining

Answer 19

mycobacterium

nocardia

Question 20

Facultative Aerobes

gram +

Answer 20

staphylococcus 
bacillus anthracis 
cornybacterium
listeria
actinomyces

Question 21

Microaerophilic

Answer 21

Enterococcus

Streptococcus

Question 22

Facultative anaerobes

gram -

Answer 22

if they arent obligate aerobes, then most other negative rods

Question 23

Microaerophilic

gram -

Answer 23

Spirochetes

i. treponema
ii. borellia
iii. leptospira campylobacter

Question 24

obligate anaerobes

gram +

Answer 24

clostridium

Question 25

obligate anaerobes

gram -

Answer 25

bacteroides