Neuro-Ophthalmology: 2. Neuroimaging

Question 0

T1-weighted

Answer 0

type of MRI images that are ideal for delineating anatomy due to higher resolution

Question 1

nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy

Answer 1

important risk of gadolinium contrast in patients with impaired renal function

Question 2

T2-weighted

Answer 2

type of MRI that is sensitive to differences in water content and is sensitive to inflammatory, ischemic, or neoplastic alterations in tissues

Question 3

STIR

Answer 3

fat-suppression technique useful in evaluating the orbits in T1-weighted images

Question 4

FLAIR

Answer 4

CSF-suppression technique useful to monitor periventricular white matter processes

Question 5

T1-weighted

Answer 5

MRI imaging technique in which white matter appears brighter than gray matter (as in real life)

Question 6

DWI

Answer 6

MRI imaging techniques that is sensitive to recent alterations in vascular perfusion and persists for approximately 3 weeks

Question 7

DWI

Answer 7

ideal imaging technique to distinguish cytotoxic edema (ischemia) from vasogenic edema

Question 8

contrast angiography

Answer 8

gold standard for intracerebral vascular imaging

Question 9

digital subtraction angiography

Answer 9

technique that has allowed use of smaller amounts of contrast dye in angiography

Question 10

MRA

Answer 10

imaging technique that is useful to image large- and medium-sized vessels but lacks the resolution to image small-caliber vessels (e.g. in vasculitis)

Question 11

3 mm

Answer 11

CTA can detect aneurysms as small as this in diameter

Question 12

magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Answer 12

imaging technique that provides information about integrity and metabolism of neural tissue when an abnormality is initially detected on MRI

Question 13

fMRI

Answer 13

imaging technique important in research and in neurosurgical planning to avoid damage to eloquent areas of brain

Question 14

carotid-cavernous fistula

Answer 14

indication for orbital Doppler sonography

Question 15

chiasm, cavernous sinuses

Answer 15

main components of the parasellar region

Question 16

gadolinium

Answer 16

paramagnetic contrast agent

Question 17

inversion recovery

Answer 17

MRI pulse signal that nulls the bright signal of fat or water

Question 18

T1

Answer 18

time required for 63% of protons to return to the longitudinal plane after cessation of a 90 degree radiofrequency pulse

Question 19

T2

Answer 19

time required for 63% of the magnetic field in the transverse plane created by the radiofrequency pulse to dissipate

Question 20

time to echo

Answer 20

time following the radiofrequency pulse during which the signal is assessed

Question 21

MRI

Answer 21

imaging study for meningeal disorders

Question 22

CT, MRI

Answer 22

imaging study for middle cranial fossa abnormality

Question 23

CT, MRI with fat suppression

Answer 23

imaging study for orbitopathy

Question 24

MRI

Answer 24

imaging study for parasellar disease

Question 25

MRI

Answer 25

imaging study for posterior fossa disease

Question 26

angiography

Answer 26

imaging study for AV malformation

Question 27

MRI

Answer 27

imaging study for chronic hemorrhage

Question 28

MRA before angiography

Answer 28

imaging study for CC fistula

Question 29

MRA

Answer 29

imaging study for carotid dissection

Question 30

MRV

Answer 30

imaging study for cerebral venous disease

Question 31

MRI

Answer 31

imaging study for cerebral abscess

Question 32

MRI with contrast and fat suppression

Answer 32

imaging study for optic neuritis