Uveitis: Protozoal Uveitis

Question 0

tissue cyst

Answer 0

in which form of toxo is the bradyzoite found

Question 1

ooycyst (soil cyst), tachyzoite (infectious form), tissue cyst (latent form)

Answer 1

three major forms of the Toxoplasmosis gondii parasite

Question 2

oocyst

Answer 2

form of toxo that cats shed in their feces

Question 3

II

Answer 3

of the three genotypes of toxo, which is found in North America?

Question 4

I

Answer 4

of the three genotypes of toxo, which is the most virulent?

Question 5

22.5%

Answer 5

prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection in the US

Question 6

2%

Answer 6

prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis among those infected in the US

Question 7

85%, 18%

Answer 7

In Brazil, where the type I genotype is more prevalent, this percentage of the population of southern Brazil is infected, with this percentage of those affected with ocular disease

Question 8

tissue cyst

Answer 8

infectious form of toxo found in undercooked meat

Question 9

tachyzoite

Answer 9

infectious form of toxo responsible for transplacental infection and through breaks in the skin

Question 10

40%

Answer 10

percentage of primary maternal infections with toxoplasmosis that result in congential infection

Question 11

1 year

Answer 11

to reduce the rate and severity of ocular involvement, infants with toxoplasmosis should be treated for this length of time

Question 12

1/3

Answer 12

percentage of toxoplasmic ocular disease that is attributed to congenital infection

Question 13

38%

Answer 13

toxoplasmosis accounts for this percentage of cases of posterior uveitis (this number is dropping)

Question 14

mild to moderate granulomatous anterior uveitis, uveitic ocular hypertension

Answer 14

two common anterior segment manifestations of toxoplasmosis

Question 15

Kyrieleis arteriolitis

Answer 15

term for segmental arterial sheathing near an active toxo lesion (retinochoroiditis)

Question 16

elderly, immunocompromised

Answer 16

patients who may present with large, multiple, or bilateral toxo lesions

Question 17

neuroretinitis, punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis, unilateral pigmentary retinopathy, scleritis, SRD, RRD, retinal vascular occlusions

Answer 17

seven atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis

Question 18

IgA, IgM

Answer 18

two toxoplasmosis antibodies that are most useful in diagnosing congenital infection

Question 19

IgG

Answer 19

this antibody is primarily useful in ruling out toxoplasmosis so long as the disease has been present for two weeks

Question 20

aqueous or vitreous PCR

Answer 20

In an atypical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis, this can be very helpful to identify the disease

Question 21

pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, prednisone

Answer 21

triple therapy in ocular toxoplasmosis

Question 22

clindamycin

Answer 22

quadruple therapy in ocular toxoplasmosis means adding this agent

Question 23

folinic acid

Answer 23

drug that should be included in the usual toxoplasmosis treatment regimen since it will be continued for 4-6 weeks

Question 24

CBC

Answer 24

should be checked weekly while treating ocular toxoplasmosis

Question 25

azithromycin, pyrimethamine

Answer 25

toxoplasmosis treatment combo that may be better tolerated

Question 26

pyrimethamine

Answer 26

toxoplasmosis drug that cannot be used at all in pregnancy

Question 27

sulfadiazine

Answer 27

toxoplasmosis drug that cannot be used in the third trimester

Question 28

spiramycin

Answer 28

toxoplasmosis drug that is used in pregnancy in Europe but is not widely available in the US

Question 29

56%

Answer 29

Incidence of CNS involvement with active ocular toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients

Question 30

atovaquone

Answer 30

this drug acts synergistically with pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine and may be useful to decrease the dose in patients with HIV-AIDS