Lens and Cataract: Pathology and Epidemiology

Question 0

chemical modification of proteins

Answer 0

main cause of color change in cataract

Question 1

protein aggregates

Answer 1

main cause of of light scattering in cataract

Question 2

50

Answer 2

everyone should have trace NS after this age

Question 3

myopic shift

Answer 3

typical refractive change associated with nuclear sclerosis (as opposed to normal aging)

Question 4

distance

Answer 4

which tends to be more impaired in nuclear sclerosis, near or distance vision

Question 5

lamellar membrane whorls

Answer 5

histological finding in some nuclear sclerotic cataracts

Question 6

both

Answer 6

of which is monocular diplopia more characteristic: nuclear, cortical, both

Question 7

loss of membrane integrity

Answer 7

early event in the pathogenesis of cortical cataracts

Question 8

mature cortical cataract

Answer 8

proper term for a white cataract

Question 9

hypermature cortical cataract

Answer 9

term for cortical cataract with wrinkled capsule

Question 10

Morgagnian cataract

Answer 10

term for cortical cataract with freely floating nucleus

Question 11

morgagnian globules

Answer 11

term for blobs of eosinophilic material observed in clefts between lens fibers

Question 12

PSC

Answer 12

this cataract starts with a subtle iridescent sheen

Question 13

PSC

Answer 13

this cataract affects near vision more than distance vision

Question 14

Wedl cells

Answer 14

term for cells that migrate from the lens equator to the posterior pole of the lens to form PSC

Question 15

steroid-induced ocular hypertension, PSC

Answer 15

these two steroid-related eye complications are associated with each other

Question 16

cortical

Answer 16

type of cataract associated with miotic agents

Question 17

phenothiazines, amiodarone

Answer 17

these drugs can cause pigmented deposits in the anterior lens capsule

Question 18

statins

Answer 18

these drugs are associated with increased risk of cataract in excessive doses or with cytochrome p450 inhibitors but actually decrease the incidence of nuclear sclerosis at usual doses

Question 19

Vossius ring

Answer 19

this “cataract” is visually insignificant but serves as a marker of prior blunt trauma

Question 20

rosette cataract

Answer 20

term for early stellate contusion cataract

Question 21

mature cortical cataract

Answer 21

usual result of lens capsule disruption from trauma

Question 22

ionizing radiation

Answer 22

this exposure is associated with anterior subcapsular opacities that often progress to complete opacification

Question 23

ionizing radiation

Answer 23

this cataractogen is associated with a notoriously long latency (20 years)

Question 24

infrared

Answer 24

radiation associated with true exfoliation syndrome (and cortical cataract, i.e. glassblower’s cataract)

Question 25

10%

Answer 25

contribution of sunlight exposure to the incidence of cortical cataracts (percentage)

Question 26

cortical

Answer 26

type of cataract associated with alkali injury

Question 27

lens vacuoles

Answer 27

early manifestation of cataract due to electrical injury

Question 28

diabetes

Answer 28

early-onset presbyopia is associated with this condition

Question 29

anterior subcapsular cataract

Answer 29

describe the acute diabetic “snowflake” cataract

Question 30

oil droplet, nuclear

Answer 30

term for cataract in galactosemia (classic appearance and type)

Question 31

hypocalcemia

Answer 31

causes subcapsular iridescent opacities

Question 32

cholesterol

Answer 32

composition of crystals in cataracts of myotonic dystrophy

Question 33

christmas tree cataract

Answer 33

term for cataract of myotonic dystrophy

Question 34

PSC –> mature cortical

Answer 34

progression of cataract in myotonic dystrophy

Question 35

false

Answer 35

TRUE or FALSE: consumption of leafy green vegetables has NOT been shown to reduce the risk of cataract in the elderly

Question 36

nuclear

Answer 36

type of cataract consistently associated with smoking and alcohol consumption

Question 37

Fuch’s heterochromatic iridocyclitis

Answer 37

incidence of cortical cataract is as high as 70% in this non-sticky uveitis

Question 38

nuclear

Answer 38

type of cataract associated with vitrectomy

Question 39

nuclear

Answer 39

increased oxygen tension in the vitreous associated with hyperbaric oxygen and vitrectomy are associated with the development of this type of cataract

Question 40

TGF-beta

Answer 40

chemical mediator associated with cataracts in PXE syndrome

Question 41

atopic dermatitis

Answer 41

anterior subcapsular shield-like cataracts occur in up to 25% of patients with this condition

Question 42

zonal granulomatous inflammation

Answer 42

characteristic histological finding around the site of capsular disruption in phacoantigenic uveitis

Question 43

true

Answer 43

TRUE or FALSE: phacolytic glaucoma is usually HOT

Question 44

PSC

Answer 44

type of cataract associated with ocular ischemic syndrome

Question 45

1 in 6

Answer 45

incidence of cataract among people over 40

Question 46

$4 billion

Answer 46

approximate annual Medicare outlay for cataract surgery

Question 47

AREDS

Answer 47

study that defined visual significance for cataracts at 20/32

Question 48

female

Answer 48

gender with the higher risk of cataracts in general, especially nuclear

Question 49

cortical

Answer 49

most common cataract in the Barbados Eye Study

Question 50

posterior stellate cataract

Answer 50

classic contusion cataract

Question 51

pearly white nuclear opacifications

Answer 51

typical rubella cataract

Question 52

cycloplegic

Answer 52

treatment for angle-closure glaucoma cause by microspherophakia