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From Flashcardlet > Pharmacology: Cholinergic Agents > Flashcards

Pharmacology: Cholinergic Agents Flashcards

0
Q

acetylcholine 1% (Miochol), carbachol 0.01% (Miostat)

A

two direct muscarinic agents available for intracameral injection (give concentration and trade name)

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1
Q

scleral spur, peripheral retina

A

muscarinic agonists place tension on two sites via contraction of the longitudinal muscle of the ciliary body

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2
Q

seconds

A

onset and duration of action of Miochol

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3
Q

5 minutes

A

onset of Miostat

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4
Q

24 hours

A

duration of action of Miostat

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5
Q

pilocarpine 0.12%

A

used to confirm a diagnosis of Adie tonic pupil (drug and concentration)

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6
Q

acetylcholine, bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine

A

four direct-acting miotic agents

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7
Q

1.5, 3

A

two strengths of Isopto Carbachol available (in percentage)

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8
Q

0.25, 1, 2, 4

A

four strengths of Isopto Carpine available (in percentage)

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9
Q

4%

A

strength of Pilopine HS gel available

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10
Q

miosis, cataractogenesis, induced myopia, iris pigment epithelial cysts, retinal detachment

A

five side effects of topical miotics

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11
Q

POAG

A

main indication for miotic therapy

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12
Q

pseudophakics

A

group of patients who are most likely to tolerate miotic therapy

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13
Q

Pilopine HS gel

A

miotic therapy option that is most likely to be tolerated by younger phakic patients

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14
Q

hypersalivation, diarrhea, bronchospasm, vomiting, diaphoresis

A

five systemic side effects of miotic agents

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15
Q

qid

A

dosing frequency of Isopto Carpine

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16
Q

tid

A

dosing frequency of Isopto Carbachol

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17
Q

neostigmine, physostigmine, edrophonium

A

name three reversible indirect cholinergic agonists

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18
Q

echothiophate iodide

A

name the only irreversible indirect cholinergic agonist

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19
Q

butyrylcholinesterase, pseudocholinesterase

A

enzyme on which that echothiophate acts that contributes to its systemic toxicity

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20
Q

succinylcholine, ester anesthetics

A

drugs–one specific, one a class–that are largely metabolized by plasma butyrlcholinesterase (whose action is inhibited by echothiophate)

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21
Q

iris pigment epithelial cysts, cataractogenesis

A

side effects that are fairly specific to phosphorylating cholinesterase inhibitors (one in children, the other in adults)

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22
Q

phenylephrine

A

concurrent use with echothiophate iodide prevents the development of iris pigment epithelial cysts

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23
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: The combination of direct-acting and indirect-acting cholinergic agents produces less effect than either agent alone

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24
Q

facilitate examination, aqueous misdirection syndrome, relieve ciliary spasm, prevent posterior synechiae

A

four uses for cycloplegic agents in ophthalmology

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25
Q

POAG

A

antimuscarinic agents may increase the pressure in patients with this condition via their action on the ciliary body

26
Q

narrow angles

A

antimuscarinic agents may increase the pressure in patients with this condition via their action on

27
Q

anterior movement of the iris-lens diaphragm

A

muscarinic agents may increase the risk of angle closure via this mechanism

28
Q

atropine, cyclopentolate

A

two antimuscarinic agents approved for use in children

29
Q

long-acting

A

which should be employed in iritis, long-acting acting cycloplegics or short-acting cycloplegics

30
Q

bid, tid

A

how many times a day may atropine need to be administered to relieve ciliary spasm in iridocyclitis (two answers)

31
Q

lid swelling, lid maceration, conjunctival hyperemia

A

characteristic local side effects of atropine therapy (three)

32
Q

fever, flushing, tachycardia, delirium, death, constipation, urinary retention

A

seven systemic side effects of topical atropine (especially in children!)

33
Q

physostigmine

A

antidote for atropine toxicity

34
Q

it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier

A

reason why pyridostigmine cannot be used as an antidote for atropine poisoning

35
Q

atropine, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine, tropicamide

A

antimuscarinic agents used in ophthalmology

36
Q

Mydriacyl, Mydral, Tropicalyl

A

three trade names for tropicamide

37
Q

Isopto Hyoscine

A

trade name for scopolamine

38
Q

1%

A

concentration(s) of atropine available

39
Q

Cyclogyl, Cyclate, AK-Pentolate

A

three trade names for cyclopentolate

40
Q

0.5, 1, 2

A

concentration(s) of cyclopentolate available

41
Q

2, 5

A

concentration(s) of homatropine available

42
Q

0.25%

A

concentration(s) of scopolamine available

43
Q

1%

A

concentration(s) of Mydriacyl available

44
Q

0.5, 1

A

concentration(s) of tropicamide available

45
Q

cyclopentolate 0.2%, phenylephrine 1%

A

two drugs and their concentrations found in Cyclomydril

46
Q

edrophonium (Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium)

A

three indirect-acting cholinergic agents that act at levels sufficient to work on nicotinic receptors (with trade names)

47
Q

atropine

A

often coadministered with edrophonium to prevent muscarinic side effects

48
Q

expulsion of intraocular contents

A

risk of using depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agents in lacerated eyes

49
Q

succinylcholine, decamethonium

A

two depolarizing paralytics; should be avoided in lacerated eyes

50
Q

curare

A

nondepolarizing paralytics are derived from this compound

51
Q

45-120 minutes

A

onset of action of atropine sulfate

52
Q

7-14 days

A

duration of action of atropine sulfate

53
Q

30-60 minutes

A

onset of action of cyclopentolate HCl

54
Q

2 days

A

duration of action of cyclopentolate HCl

55
Q

30-60 minutes

A

onset of action of homatropine hydrobromide

56
Q

3 days

A

duration of action of homatropine hydrobromide

57
Q

30-60 minutes

A

onset of action of scopolamine hydrobromide

58
Q

4-7 days

A

duration of action of scopolamine hydrobromide

59
Q

20-40 minutes

A

onset of action of tropicamide

60
Q

4-6 hours

A

duration of action of tropicamide

61
Q

ocular hypotensive

A

benefit of Miostat not seen with Miochol

62
Q

anterior displacement of the iris-lens diaphragm

A

this effect of miotics makes them contraindicated in acute angle-closure glaucoma–even in advance of making a PI

63
Q

atropine, homatropine, scopolamine

A

these antimuscarinics produce complete cyclopegia useful in treating iritis

From Flashcardlet (61 decks)

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