Chapter 6 - Bone tissue

Question 1

What are the 6 main functions of bone?

Answer 1

support
protection
movement
mineral storage and release
blood cell production
fat storage

Question 2

List the 7 parts of a long bone

Answer 2

diaphsyis
epiphyses
metaphysis
articular cartilage
periosteum
medullary cavity
endosteum

Question 3

Diaphysis

Answer 3

bone shaft or body

Question 4

epiophyses

Answer 4

the distal and proximal ends

Question 5

metaphysis

Answer 5

• region where the diaphysis joins the epiphyses
• each metaphysis includes an:
  epiphyseal (growth) plate or an epiphyseal line

Question 6

articular cartilage

Answer 6

• thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint
• reduces friction, improves fit and absorbs shock at freely movable joints

Question 7

periosteum

Answer 7

a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue

• enables bone to grow in length
• protects the bone, nourishment, fracture repair, attachment pt
• attache to bone through perforating fibers
• rich in blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 8

medullary cavity

Answer 8

contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

Question 9

endosteum

Answer 9

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Question 10

What are the 4 types of bone cell?

Answer 10

Osterogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 11

Osterogenic Cells

Answer 11

(bone producing) - unspecialized stem cells derived from mesenchyme

Question 12

Osteoblasts

Answer 12

(bone buds) - bone-building cells

Question 13

Osteocytes

Answer 13

(bone cells), mature bone cells which maintain daily metabolism (exchange of nutrients and wastes)

Question 14

Osteoclasts

Answer 14

( bone breakers) - break bone down (resorption) to allow for growth, maintenance, and repair of bone

Question 15

What is the order in which the bone cells mature

Answer 15

Osterogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 16

Which kind of bone has the following conditions

• Contains few spaces
• The strongest form of bone tissue.
• Found beneath the periosteum of all bones
• Function in protection and support

Answer 16

compact bone tissue

Question 17

Volkmann’s Canals -

Answer 17

(Perforating)

horizontal channels for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Question 18

Haversian canals

Answer 18

(Central) canals

- vertical canals that connect with those of the medullary cavity

Question 19

Lamellae

Answer 19

(Concentric)

rings of calcified extracellular matrix around the central canals

Question 20

Lacunae

Answer 20

Little lakes

small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes

Question 21

Canaliculi

Answer 21

small channels (canals) with extracellular fluid radiate from the lacunae & allow osteocytes to share nutrition and remove waste

Question 22

Gap junctions

Answer 22

allow cells to communicate

Question 23

Components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating structural units called _________

Answer 23

osteons

Question 24

How are osteons oriented

Answer 24

in the same direction of the lines of stress

Question 25

What is the unique about spongy bone?

Answer 25

• does not contain osteons
• irregular pattern
• may be filled with red bone marrow
• lighter than compact bone

Question 26

What are the two ways in which bone forms?

Answer 26

Intramembranous ossification

Endochondrial Ossification