Endocrine system - 20

Question 1

what are the two ways we maintain homeostasis

Answer 1

nervous system and endocrine sys

Question 2

what is the greatest source of estrogen from our environment

Answer 2

plastic

Question 3

When we are in a hurry to get our body to respond to something, what system will we use

Answer 3

nervous

Question 4

In the endocrine system, what are the effectors

Answer 4

virtually any type of body cell so can have widespread effects on diverse aspects of metabolism

Question 5

define endocrine gland

Answer 5

Secretions enter interstitial fluid and then  bloodstream Stay in the body: endo- Examples: all hormones such as growth hormone, insulin, adrenalin, estrogen, testosterone

Question 6

define exocrine gland

Answer 6

Exocrine glands - exit the body Secrete substances that enter ducts Ultimately exit the body (exo-) Examples: mucus, saliva and other digestive secretions, sweat, tears

Question 7

list the endocrine glands, which are specifically for hormone creation

Answer 7

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal

Question 8

list the endocrine glands which secrete hormones but also have other functions

Answer 8

Hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue, and placenta

Question 9

how do the lipid soluble hormones travel the blood stream

Answer 9

É

Question 10

What are the lipid soluble hormones

Answer 10

Steroids, such as testosterone, estrogens Thyroid hormones: T3 and T4 Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 11

What are the water soluble hormones

Answer 11

Amino acid derivatives, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine Peptides: antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin Proteins: insulin and growth hormone

Question 12

why does the endocrine system require to be precisely regulated

Answer 12

because a small amount has a big effect

Question 13

what is the effect of hormones binding to their target cells

Answer 13

for the target cells to alter their activity

Question 14

how are hormones transferred through the body

Answer 14

blood system

Question 15

________ serves as a major link between nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 15

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Question 16

what are the 2 hormones released from the posterior pituitary

Answer 16

oxytocin and ADH

Question 17

How are the secretions of hormones regulated

Answer 17

signals from the nervous system chemical changes in blood other hormones

Question 18

the anterior pituitary synthesizes how many hormones

Answer 18

7

Question 19

where is the pituitary located

Answer 19

Located in depression in sphenoid bone just inferior to the brain

Question 20

How is the pituitary attached to the hypothalamus

Answer 20

Pituitary is attached to hypothalamus by stalk (infundibulum)

Question 21

pituitary has 2 lobes

Answer 21

anterior and posterior

Question 22

Who`s the boss of the pituitary

Answer 22

hypothalamus

Question 23

What are the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

Answer 23

1. Human growth hormone (hGH)
2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
5. Prolactin
6. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
7. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 24

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

what tissues is it secreted by

Answer 24

Secreted by liver, muscle, cartilage, bone cells

Question 25

What does hGH promote the synthesis of

Answer 25

hGH promotes synthesis of insulin like growth factors (IGFs) = somatomedins

Actions of IGFs much like those of insulin

Question 26

The regulation of hGH is regulated by what

Answer 26

By hypothalamic hormones

• Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
• Growth hormone-inhibiting Hormone (GHIH )

By blood glucose levels

• Low blood glucose levels à release of GHRH

Question 27

What are the actions of hGH

Answer 27

Stimulates protein synthesis

• Maintains muscle and bone mass
• Promotes healing of injuries, tissue repair

Makes “fuel” (ATP) available for growth

• Causes fat breakdown (“baby fat”) and release of fatty acids into blood
• Breaks down liver glycogen à releases glucose into blood

Question 28

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

Answer 28

TRH from the hypothalamus controls TSH secretion

Question 29

in females, what does Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do

Answer 29

In females

• FSH starts follicle development à
  
  • Starts egg production
  • Starts estrogen production from follicle cells

LH stimulates formation of corpus luteum

• Completion of egg and its ovulation
• Secretion of progesterone + estrogen

Question 30

in males, what does Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do

Answer 30

In males

• FSH - sperm production in testes
• LH - release of testosterone from testes